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Waves Overview

Waves Overview. Gert Nieveld Global Crossing Europe. Waves History: Early Wave Experiments. 1727: Giovanni Pittoni, Monument to Isaac Newton. Optical Wavelength Services. Only 1 year on the market:

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Waves Overview

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  1. Waves Overview Gert Nieveld Global Crossing Europe Global Crossing Proprietary

  2. Waves History: Early Wave Experiments 1727: Giovanni Pittoni, Monument to Isaac Newton Global Crossing Proprietary

  3. Optical Wavelength Services Only 1 year on the market: • Monday April 24, 2000, Rochester, N.Y.Global Crossing (NYSE:GX) Introduces Wholesale Optical Wavelength Service • Tuesday May 9, 2000, Las Vegas, NVLevel 3 Communications, Inc. (Nasdaq:LVLT) today announced the introduction of Global Wavelength services. Wave Definition (GX): • 2.5 & 10 Gb/s optical route through the network via an interconnection at the optical multiplex systemsNote that: • Full transparency not always guaranteed • Wave may actually be muxed into higher aggregate stream (i.e. 40 Gb/s) Global Crossing Proprietary

  4. PREFERRED: Overhead Transparent Carrier Network Customer Mesh Network Can the full 2.5 G capacity be used for IP? Packet Customer view: • End-to-end link: Protection handled at IP multiplex layers • Protection features of SDH/SONET are generally unexploited. • Transparent end-to-end link allows in-band TMN signaling • Signal protocol must be consistent (i.e. SONET OR SDH) Global Crossing Proprietary

  5. SDH PDH PDH REGEN REGEN PATH TERMINATING EQUIPMENT (PTE) MUX SECTION TERMINATING EQUIPMENT (MSTE) MUX SECTION TERMINATING EQUIPMENT (MSTE) SDH TERMINAL MULTIPLEXER REGEN Section Multiplex Section VC Disassembly VC Assembly Path Transparency: SDH Overhead Components Global Crossing Proprietary

  6. 1 49 97 144 ... ... ... 1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 Z0 ... ... ... B1 E1 F1 RSOH ... ... ... D1 D2 D3 3 ... ... ... H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3 4 AU Pointer ... ... ... B2 B2 B2 K1 K2 5 ... ... ... D4 D5 D6 ... ... ... D7 D8 D9 MSOH ... ... ... D10 D11 D12 ... ... ... 9 S1 M1 E1 Global Transparency: SDH Overhead at 2.5 Gb/s level bit 145 4320 STM-16 Payload STM-16 Frame 38880 BYTES/FRAME * 8 BITS/BYTE * 8000 FRAMES/SEC = 2.488 Gb/s Global Crossing Proprietary

  7. 1 49 97 144 ... ... ... 1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 Z0 ... ... ... B1 E1 F1 RSOH ... ... ... D1 D2 D3 3 ... ... ... H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3 4 AU Pointer ... ... ... B2 B2 B2 K1 K2 5 ... ... ... D4 D5 D6 ... ... ... MSOH D7 D8 D9 ... ... ... D10 D11 D12 ... ... ... 9 S1 M1 E1 Transparency Example: 2.5 Gb/s – 10 Gb/s multiplexers • Semi-Transparent transmission of RSOH overhead bytes • Semi-Transparent transmission of MSOH overhead bytes • Recalculates B1 and B2 bytes Global Crossing Proprietary

  8. Global Crossing Proprietary

  9. Feature/Product IP ATM SONET/ SDH Global Addressing  Quality of Service  Multiplexing    Fault Tolerance    High Capacity   Comm. Process Layer 2+ 2+ 1 Multiplexing Methodologies Global Crossing Proprietary

  10. “…Like the final supernova of a brilliant star, SONET will blow up to thousands of times its original brightness - - just before it caves in in itself to a dark, silent death.” • George Gilder, Forbes ASAP, 1999 Wavelengths will rule the network by end 2002 Global Crossing Proprietary

  11. Share of Traffic over SDH/SONET falls as Waves mature Global Crossing Proprietary

  12. 500 channels at 100 GHz spacing Dispersion unshifted fibre (G.652) 0.6 20 Attenuation (all fibre types) 0.5 10 EDFA band Dispersion (ps/nm-km) Attenuation (dB/km) 0 0.4 -10 0.3 45 channels 100 GHz spacing G.655 -20 0.2 DSF (G.653) 0.1 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 Wavelength (nm) Optical Fibre Cable C L <<< Visible Light (500 nm) Infrared (5000 nm) >>> Global Crossing Proprietary

  13. 1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1560 1565 1570 1575 1580 1585 1590 1595 1600 1555 1525 ¦ ( THz ) l (nm) 190.0 189.0 188.0 187.0 1575 1580 1585 1590 1595 1600 1610 1615 1570 1565 1620 1625 1630 1665 1605 C and L-band lambda overview (terrestrial applications) ITU Grid Reference Point (193.1THz) 197. 0 196.0 195.0 194.0 193.0 192.0 191.0 190.0 189.0 188.0 187.0 1520 Extended C - Band 100 (50GHz), 81 channels ITU G.692 XC-Band 50 10G or 40G (100 GHz) 50 10G only (100 GHz) ¦ 191.0 186.0 185.0 184.0 183.0 182.0 ( THz) l (nm) Extended L Band Supervisory Chan 100 (50GHz) XL-Band 50 10G or 40G (100 GHz) 50 10G only (100 GHz) Global Crossing Proprietary

  14. Subsea Fibre Cable, armoured Courtesy: Alcatel Global Crossing Proprietary

  15. AC –1 Cable Route Global Crossing Proprietary

  16. Depth Chart of Atlantic Ocean Global Crossing Proprietary

  17. Cableship Global Crossing Proprietary

  18. Global Crossing Proprietary

  19. Subsea Repeater Global Crossing Proprietary

  20. Global Crossing Proprietary

  21. Global Crossing Proprietary

  22. Global Crossing Proprietary

  23. Terminal Stations: Reason #1 for Waves Ajigaura, Japan 04 August 1999 Global Crossing Proprietary

  24. Optical Network Components ODF/ FDP GigE, 2.5G, 10G Meet Me / Mid Span Meet 2.5 & 10G ITU G.957/G.691 Optical Multiplexer OTU/Tx Transponder OC48 STM16 SDH/ SONET ATM Switch IP Router Transmit Amplifier Receive Amplifier Optical De-Multiplexer Customer Colocation Local Loops OTU/Rx Transponder DWDM Terminal Vendor Colocation Global Crossing POP Global Crossing Proprietary

  25. SDH / SONET: 2.5 G max 2.5 G fallback capacity 2.5 Gb/s POP B POP A IP/ATM Router: 5 G max 2.5 G fallback capacity POP B POP A 2.5 Gb/s 2.5 Gb/s 2.5 Gb/s POP B POP A 2.5 Gb/s IP/ATM Router: 7.5 G max 5 G fallback capacity 2.5 Gb/s Waves with SDH/SONET versus IP: Protection vs. Capacity Global Crossing Proprietary

  26. AC-1 AC-2 North American Crossing PEC PEC GAL PC-1 MAC EAC PAC SAC Global Crossing Wavelength Deployment (06/01) Global Crossing Proprietary

  27. Global Networks in 2001 • Waves on terrestrial and subsea will support Networking with N+1 protection (N > 2) • Reduced protection investment is highly effective:>> Reason # 2 for Waves • Equipment needs to support both a Ring and Mesh network • Market pull for Optical Switches Global Crossing Proprietary

  28. 2.5 / 10 / 40 Gb/s GigE / 2.5 Gb/s l1 DWDM OTU Customer Interface ln OTU ODF/FDP lx Next Wavelength Technology:Optical Mux / Lambda Router / Optical Wave Cross-connect System Optical Mux/ l-Router/ Cross-Connect Global Crossing Proprietary

  29. Input MEMS Array Input Optical Fibre Bundle Output Optical Fibre Bundle Output MEMS Array Hermetic Enclosure MEMS control cables Optical Cross-Connects: Lambda Router * • Inherently bit-rate and protocol independent fabric • < 5 ms switch time • Scalable fabric to 1024 x 1024 • Cross-connects implemented by re-orienting mirrors • Design for low loss, mechanical stability, simplified assembly *) WaveStar™ Lambda Router is a Lucent Technologies product 0.5 mm Global Crossing Proprietary

  30. Global Crossing EuropeSDH Network Structure SDH AC-1 SDH SDH AC-2 SDH AC-1 SDH SDH Global Crossing Proprietary

  31. l’s AC-1 l’s l’s l’s l’s l’s AC-2 AC-1 l’s l’s Global Crossing • Present: • Waves 10G on subsea and terrestrial networks • Waves GigE & 2.5 G on Metro Rings • Implement Optical Cross-Connects on subsea (AC-1&2) • Mid 2002: Implement OXC’s on terrestrial networks Global Crossing Proprietary

  32. IP SDH/SONET WAVES 10Gl/ 40Gl Metro/ Access ISW ISW Hybrid Cross Connect (Electrical Switching Fabric @ STS-1/ AU-4) Grooming Switch (Electrical Switching Fabric @ STS-1/ AU-4) Router O O 10G/ 2.5G/ 622M/ 155M/ 51M Metro/ Access GigE/ 2.5G/ 10G Electrical/ Optical Services ISW E Router O O O 10G/40G 10G/40G 10G/ 40G 10G/ 40G O O D W D M D W D M O Photonic Cross Connect (Optical Switching Fabric) O Long Distance Long Distance 10G/ 40G 10G/ 40G D W D M D W D M O O Intelligent Software (ISW) Optical Interconnectivity Architecture Global Crossing Proprietary

  33. Wavelengths and the Future • Optical Wave services have caused a network revolution: • Core long distance SDH/SONET Rings will be replaced by Meshed networks using Wave Cross-Connects • Re-invention of “PDH-like” (pre-SDH) network architecture • Semi-Automated optical route protection done < 50 ms • Improved transport infrastructure will exist for IP/packet services • Electrical/Optical Grooming switches will emerge at periphery • Automated Restoration (algorithm/GMPLS driven) becomes technically feasible. Operational implementation will take beyond 2002 • In the mean time… keep on surfing the waves. mail: gnieveld@globalcrossing.com Global Crossing Proprietary

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