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Sea Water Chemistry

Sea Water Chemistry. Chapter 7. Major Ions in Typical Seawater. Ion Parts per thousand by weight ‰ (ppt)(Table 7.1) Cl- 18.98 SO 4 -2 2.649 HCO 3 - 0.140 Na+ 10.556 Mg 2+ 1.272 Ca+ 0.400 K+ 0.380.

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Sea Water Chemistry

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  1. Sea Water Chemistry Chapter 7

  2. Major Ions in Typical Seawater • Ion Parts per thousand by weight ‰ (ppt)(Table 7.1) • Cl- 18.98 • SO4-2 2.649 • HCO3- 0.140 • Na+ 10.556 • Mg2+ 1.272 • Ca+ 0.400 • K+ 0.380

  3. On average, concentration of dissolved salts, i.e., the salinity, in seawater is 3.5% or 35‰. • The relative abundances of the ions listed above does not change, even though salinity does; are said to be conservative. • Relative abundances of minor and trace constituents do vary

  4. Determining Salinity • Evaporation of water to weight the salt is an imprecise method • Because of the constancy of composition if we measure one component we can get a more precise measurement • Salinity ppt = 1.80655 x Chlorinity in ppt • If chlorinity is 19.2 ppt, what is the salinity of sea water? • 34.7 ppt = 35 ppt

  5. Density - mass per unit volume (grams/cm3) • density of water phases (ice, liquid, vapor) due to structural changes at molecular level • density maximum at 4°C in pure water • Major role in deep ocean circulation and water column structure and stability

  6. Water Density • Influenced by three factors • Salinity - proportional • Pressure - proportional • Temperature – inversely proportional

  7. Ocean Structure • Upper 100-500 m to have uniform temperature and salinity because of mixing by waves.(6.13) • Below this, to a depth of ~1000 m, Temp., Salinity, and density change ( Thermocline, Halocline, Pycnocline) (6.12)

  8. In deep water, temperature, salinity and density are relatively uniform • This structure varies latitudinally. At mid-latitudes, it also varies seasonally: upper mixed layer will deepen in summer; • thermocline might largely disappear in winter

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