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Virtual Machine Technology

Virtual Machine Technology. Dr. Gregor von Laszewski Dr. Lizhe Wang. Virtual machine concept. VM. VM. VM. VMM. Host resource. Why virtual machine?. Support multiple users On-demand computing environment creation & customization QoS guaranteed & performance isolation

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Virtual Machine Technology

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  1. Virtual Machine Technology Dr. Gregor von Laszewski Dr. Lizhe Wang

  2. Virtual machine concept VM VM VM VMM Host resource

  3. Why virtual machine? • Support multiple users • On-demand computing environment creation & customization • QoS guaranteed & performance isolation • High availability • Easy management • Access “root” privilege • …

  4. CPU virtualization • Full virtualization • OS Assisted Virtualization or Paravirtualization • Hardware Assisted Virtualization

  5. X86 architecture

  6. Full Virtualization using Binary Translation

  7. Paravirtualization(OS Assisted Virtualization)

  8. Hardware Assisted Virtualization

  9. Memory virtualization

  10. Device and I/O Virtualization

  11. Full virtualization: VMware workstation • Special container for the VM Virtual CPUs, memory, hard disk, network interfaces, USB ports and other common hardware components. • VMM is executed as an application of the host OS • Limited performance of the VMs • VM becomes independent from host configuration • Can be used on different host systems • VM is stored and runs in files • VMs contain native OS and are completely isolated

  12. Full virtualization: VMware ESX server • Hypervisor directly running on the server • Requires supported hardware components • Special optimized pass-through drivers for dedicated hardware components • Better performance • Advanced management tools available • Near-native performance of the guest OS • Optimized for server consolidation

  13. Paravirtualization: Xen • Different hardware components not fully emulated. It only organizes the usages->near-native performance • Layout of a Xen based system: Privileged host system(Dom0) and unprivileged guest systems (DomU) • DomU are working cooperatively • Guest and host OS has to be adapted to XEN (Kernel-Patch), but not the applications

  14. Paravirtualization: Xen

  15. Application scenario: a Grid cluster (1)

  16. Application scenario: a Grid cluster (2) • for reasons of stability,different services like LDAP, the grid portals, should run on different machines • varying load on the different machines • Resources not fully exploited • “recycling” of older machines leads to a heterogeneous hardware structure • high administrative effort for installation and maintenance of the system • Virtualization of these machines leads to few machines to be maintained and to homogenous OS installations

  17. Application scenario: a Grid cluster (3) • but what happens if the host machine dies? • Failure of: disks, motherboard, memory, power supply, … • All services which are hosted on this machine will be down until machine is restored or access to VM images possible • Need concepts of high availability and QoS for such scenarios where several services are hosted on one physical host

  18. Application scenario: a Grid cluster (4)

  19. Application scenario: a Grid cluster (5) • Storage of the VM file system in a high available and redundant SAN • Use host systems with redundant LAN, SAN and power connections • Migration on the fly in case of hardware problems or maintenance of one server • If insufficient resources are available on the other server, the service level of less critical services can be reduced for short times. • Automated tools for load balancing and migration in case of failures exist, e.g. for the VMware ESX server. • All services can be offered without or with only short interruption, perhaps at lower service level

  20. Libvirt: The virtualization API • libvirt is: • A toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities of different Linux • Free software • C API • A set of bindings for common languages • CIM provider for the DMTF virtualization schema • libvirt supports: • Xen, QEMU, KVM, LXC, OpenVZ • Storage on IDE/SCSI/USB disks, FibreChannel, LVM, iSCSI, NFS and filesystems • libvirt provides: • Remote management using TLS encryption and x509 certificates • Remote management authenticating with Kerberos and SASL • Local access control using PolicyKit • Zero-conf discovery using Avahi multicast-DNS • Management of virtual machines, virtual networks and storage

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