Chapter 6

1. Chapter 6 E-Business Infrastructure Plan

2. Define the hardware and software technologies used to build an e-business infrastructure within an organisation and with its partners Define the hardware and software requirements necessary to enable employee access to the Internet and hosting of e-commerce services. Learning outcomes

3. A system architecture that consists of: • hardware, • software, • content and • data used • The purpose is to deliver e-business services to employees, customers and partners and other related stakeholders. What is e-Business infrastructure?

4. Typical problems • Web site communications too slow. • Web site not available. • Bugs on site through pages being unavailable or information typed in forms not being executed. • Ordered products not delivered on time. • E-mails not replied to. • Customers’ privacy or trust is broken through security problems such as credit cards being stolen or addresses sold to other companies. What is e-Business infrastructure?

5. What is e-Business infrastructure? Figure 3.1 A five-layer model of e-business infrastructure

6. Management Issues Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure

7. Management Issues Table 3.1 Key management issues of e-business infrastructure (Continued)

8. “The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer” -whatis.com “A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. -webopedia.com “is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons” -FNC What is the Internet?

9. What is the Internet? Figure 3.2 Physical and network infrastructure components of the Internet(Levels IV and III in Figure 3.1)

10. What is the Internet? • London Internet Exchange • Located in Docklands area in East London • Second large IX in Europe

11. Malaysia and the Internet • Internet Usage Statistics:13,528,200 Internet users as of Sept/2006, 47.8% of the population, according to M.C.M.C. • Malaysia Internet Exchange (MyIX) • Established in November, 2003 • Launched on 15th December 2006 • 3 nodes connected in AIMS, NCC and TPM Jaring What is the Internet?

12. World Wide Web – standard method for exchanging information on the Internet Web browsers – a method of accessing and viewing information stored as web documents Web servers – store and present the web pages What is the Internet?

13. Technology Evolution Table 3.2 Six stages of advances in the dissemination of information

14. Technology Evolution Clay tablets Guternberg Press

15. Over 1 billion Internet users worldwide • How big the infrastructure they accessing? • Measured by number of servers • Number of pages indexed by search engines • 2006: 9 billion pages • Dec 2010:???? How big is the Internet?

16. Figure 3.4 The Netcraft index of number of servers Source: Netcraft Web Server Survey. http://news.netcraft.com/archives/web server survey.html. Netcraft, http://netcraft.com

17. Intranet: • A private network within a single company using Internet standards to enable employees to share information • Extranet: • Formed by extending an intranet beyond a company to customers, suppliers and collaborators Intranet and extranet

18. Intranet and extranet Figure 3.5The relationship between intranets, extranets and the Internet

19. Used extensively for supporting sell-side e-commerce • Also used for internal marketing communications, ex. Directories, staff bulletin, SOP, courses, etc. • Marketing Intranet has a few advantages: • Reduced product life cycle • Reduce cost • Better customer service • Distribution of information Intranet applications

20. Intranet applications- example

21. Used to provide online services which are restricted to business customers Extranet applications- example

22. Extranet applications- example Premier Dell.com

23. Information sharing Cost reduction Order processing and distribution Customer service Extranet applications- Business benefits

24. Questions on the extranet? • Are the levels of usage sufficient? • Is it effective and efficient? • Who has ownership of the extranet? • What are the levels of service quality? • Is the quality of information adequate? Extranet applications-issues

25. Extranet application on global basis

26. Extranet applications on global basis

27. A specialized software mounted on a separate server at the point where the company is connected to the Internet Use to protect information on the company Extranet application-Firewalls

28. Extranet application-Firewalls Figure 3.6Firewall positions within the e-business infrastructure of theB2B company

29. A standard method for exchanging and publishing information on the Internet. • Based on standard document formats such as HTML • Offers hyperlink • Supports a wide range of formatting • Can integrate graphics and animations • Make interactions possible • Benefits: • Easy to use • Provide a graphical environment • Standardization of tools and usages World Wide Web

30. WWW-How it works Figure 3.7Information exchange between a web browser and web server

31. E-mail Instant messaging (IM) and Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Usenet newsgroups FTP file transfer Telnet Blogs RSS (Really Simple Syndication) World Wide Web IPTV BitTorrent Internet tools

32. An Internet standard for publishing and exchanging content using XML • Content can be published on a site that originates from another site • New method of distributing messages to subscribers Internet tools-RSS

33. Voice data is transferred across the Internet – it enables phone calls to be made over the Internet. • Peer-to-peer • Hosted service • Complete replacement of all telephone systems • Upgrading telephone systems • Ex. Skype Internet tools-Voice over IP (VOIP)

34. URLs and Domain names • URL- Uniform resource locaters. • A web address used to locate a web page on a web server. • Domain names • The name of the web server • Usually indicate the company name and the extension shows its type. • Ex. www.uniten.edu.my What does it mean?

35. Web addresses are structured in a standard way as follows: • http://www.domain-name.extension/filename.html • What do the following extensions or global top level domains stand for? Find out.... • .com • .co.uk, .uk.com • .org or .org.uk • .gov • .edu, .ac.uk • .int • .net • .biz • .info • .html URLS and domain names

36. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) • A standard format used to define the text and layout of web pages. HTML files usually have the extension .HTML or .HTM. • XML or eXtensible Markup Language • A standard for transferring structured data, unlike HTML which is purely presentational. • Refer to Example in page 108-111. • Use to develop B2B integration system ex. Microsoft BizTalk, Rosetta.net Web Presentation-HTML and XML

37. Web Presentation-HTML Figure 3.9Home page index.html for The B2B Company in a web browser showing HTML source in text editor

38. Web Presentation-XML Source: http://www.rosettanet.org.my/rnstd.asp

39. Group Activity • Find article about Rosetta.Net and Microsoft BizTalk. • Prepare a presentation –(using a mind mapping method) that summarizes what Rosetta.Net and BizTalk are all about.

40. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A graphics format and compression algorithm best used for simple graphics JPEG (Joint Photographics Experts Group) A graphics format and compression algorithm best used for photographs Streaming media. Sound and video that can be experienced within a web browser before the whole clip is downloaded e.g. Real Networks .rm format Video standards include MPEG and .AVI Sound standards include MP3 and WMA Media standards

41. ICANN The Internet Society (www.isoc.org) The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) The World Wide Web Consortium (www.w3.org) Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium TINA-C Who controls the Internet?

42. Layer II – Systems software • Standardization throughout organization • Reduce number of contacts for support and maintenance • Reduce purchase price through multi-licenses • Layer III – Transport or network • Based on internal and external company network • Issue: performed by the company or outsource • Laver IV – Storage • Based on company needs • Who is in-charged Managing e-business infrastructure

43. Managing e-business infrastructure Figure 3.10 (a) Fragmented applications infrastructure, (b) integrated applications infrastructure Source: Adapted from Hasselbring (2000)

44. Managing e-business infrastructure Figure 3.11Differing use of applications at levels of management within companies

45. Managing e-business infrastructure Figure 3.12Elements of e-business infrastructure that require management

46. ISP connection method Speed of access Availability Service-level agreements Security Internet service providers (ISP)

47. Mobile access devices Wi-Fi mobile access Bluetooth Next-generation mobile services Interactive digital television What else…. Your inputs… New access devices Not considered as new any more…

48. Access providers Figure 3.13Mobile access technologies

49. Summary • The e-Business infrastructure need to be well defined and understand to ensure the company aware of its importance and limitations. • There are five generic layers of e-Business infrastructure that emphasize on different functions. • The Internet technology also evolves and allowed various web based applications to be developed to support various business processes and needs.

50. Tutorial 6 • Distinguish between Intranet, Extranet and Internet. • You are a consultant to a small enterprise that interested in setting up a transactional e-commerce site. • Create a summary guide for the company about the stages/levels that are necessary in the creation of a web site. • Discuss the management issues that may involved.