Fundamentals of Electricity

1. Fundamentals of Electricity

2. Element Compound Mixture Cement O2 H2O Matter : Weight - Space

3. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Matter : Weight - Space

4. valence shell nucleus Atoms e- P n

5. Atoms Protons – Positive Charge Nucleus Neutrons – No Charge Nucleus Electrons – Negative Charge – Outside the Nucleus

6. Atoms Atomic Number – Number of Protons Atomic Weight – Number of Protons plus Neutrons Number of Protons EQUALS Electrons in a neutral atom

7. Atoms - Copper Atomic Number 29 Atomic Weight 64 Electrons 29

8. Atoms - Copper Valence Electron

9. Atoms - Silver Atomic Number 47 Atomic Weight 108 Electrons 47

10. Atoms - Silver Valence Electron

11. Atoms - Gold Atomic Number 47 Atomic Weight 108 Electrons 47

12. Atoms - Gold Valence Electron

13. Atoms - Platinum Atomic Number 78 Atomic Weight 195 Electrons 78

14. Atoms - Platinum Valence Electron

15. Atoms - Aluminum Atomic Number 13 Atomic Weight 27 Electrons 13

16. Atoms - Aluminum Valence Electrons!

17. Law of electrostatics Q or q is used to represent a quantity of charge -q – excess number of electrons. +q – excess number of protons. ***Electrons have left the building!!!***

18. -q +q Law of electrostatics -q -q Like charges repel. Unlike charges attract.

19. Law of electrostatics

20. Law of electrostatics

21. F F d Law of Electrostatics +q1 +q2

22. q1q2 d2 F = k electrostatic constant Law of electrostatics

23. Ionization The process where an atom gains or loses an electron. Na+Cl- Na – Positive Ion Cl – Negative Ion

24. Static Electricity - - - - - - - - - + + + + + +

25. e e e e e Current Flow of Electrons Metals - Free Electrons

26. Conductor Substances in which electrons will flow readily with little energy applied.

27. Conductor Elements that contain less than half the maximum number of electrons in the valence shell

28. Insulator Substances in which electrons will flow when large amounts of energy is applied.

29. Insulator Elements that contain more than half the maximum number of electrons in the valence shell

30. Semiconductors Substances that sometime act like conductors and sometimes like insulators. C, Si, Ge

31. Superconductors Substances that allow electrons ro move with no resistance at all.

32. F -q } d Force and Work +q -q Potential Difference

33. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Force Voltage Potential Difference Electromotive Force (EMF)

34. Voltage Symbol – V or E Unit – Volt Volt - V

35. Power Rate at which work is done. Symbol – P Unit – Watt Watt - W

36. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Current Flow of charge! Charge - Coulomb(C) 6.28 X 1018 electrons

37. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e Current Number of electrons passing a point in a second.

38. Current Symbol - I Unit – Ampere (Amps) Amperes - A

39. Resistance Opposition to Current Flow High Resistance Insulator

40. Resistance Opposition to Current Flow Low Resistance Conductor

41. Resistance Opposition to Current Flow High and Low Resistance SemiConductor

42. Resistance Symbol - R Unit – Ohm Ohm - Ω

43. Load Source Path Putting it all Together

44. Voltage Source Resistance current e Putting it all Together + _

45. Solar Flare