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3.2- Explaining Molecular Formulas

3.2- Explaining Molecular Formulas. Molecular Substances. Different Terms. Molecular Substances belong to two groups Molecular elements Two of the same non-metals O 2 Molecular Compounds Two different non-metals CO 2. Molecular Elements.

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3.2- Explaining Molecular Formulas

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  1. 3.2- Explaining Molecular Formulas Molecular Substances

  2. Different Terms • Molecular Substances belong to two groups • Molecular elements • Two of the same non-metals • O2 • Molecular Compounds • Two different non-metals • CO2.

  3. Molecular Elements • Due to their reactive nature, some elements will never be found as single atoms. • H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 • These can be explained with Lewis models • S8 and P4. • These are not easily explained via models

  4. + O O O O O Molecular Elements (cont.) • Draw Lewis Models for F2, H2 and for N2.

  5. Structural Diagrams • To convert a Lewis Model into a Structural Diagram, replace each covalent bond (pair of shared electrons) with a dash. • Draw Structural Models for F2, H2 and for N2. O O O= O

  6. Types of Bonds • Covalent bonds can be • Single (1 pair of shared electrons) • Double (2 pair of shared electrons) • Triple (3 pair of shared electrons) • More bonds are stronger bonds

  7. Determination of Ionic Formula’s • Given a metal & non-metal such as calcium and nitrogen you can “figure out” the product Ca3N2 by “swapping charges” and simplest whole number ratios.

  8. Determination of Molecular Formula • Given two non-metals you can not “figure out” the product. You either memorize or use the name.

  9. Drawing Molecular Structures • Additional rules are needed to draw the more complex molecular structures. • Draw a molecular structure for C2 H6 • Draw the electron dot diagram of the atom that has the highest bonding capacity. • Form shared pairs of bonding electrons with the remaining atoms.

  10. If any bonding electrons remain on adjacent atoms, form a double or triple bond. • In the finished electron dot diagram, all atoms (except hydrogen) should contain a stable octet. • Draw a structural diagram of the molecule.

  11. Page 85-90 • Everything

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