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Chapter 11: Gases

Chapter 11: Gases. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Pressure Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and the Combined Gas Law Avagadro’s Law The Ideal Gas Law STP and Molar Volume Mixtures of Gases Gases in Stoichiometry Problems. Example 1. Find the volume of a gas at a pressure of

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Chapter 11: Gases

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  1. Chapter 11: Gases • The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases • Pressure • Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and the Combined Gas Law • Avagadro’s Law • The Ideal Gas Law • STP and Molar Volume • Mixtures of Gases • Gases in Stoichiometry Problems

  2. Example 1 Find the volume of a gas at a pressure of 1.5 x 103 mmHg if it has a volume of 1.0 L at 1.0 atm.  Assume the temperature is unchanged.   Answer: 0.51 L

  3. Example 2 For a gas at 25ºC the volume  is 2.0 L.  Find its volume at 100.ºC if its pressure remains constant. Answer: 2.5 L

  4. Example 3 A sample of CO2 has a volume of 533 mL at 23.2ºC and 749 mmHg.  How many moles of CO2 are in this sample? Answer: .0216 moles CO2

  5. Example 4 What is the volume of a sample of O2 at 25ºC and 1.00 atm if it has a mass of 1.50 g? Answer: 1.15 L

  6. Example 5 An experiment calls for 4.00 moles of CO gas at STP.  What volume of gas is this? Answer: 89.6 L

  7. Example 6 An experimental undersea habitat had an atmosphere consisting of the following mole percents: 79.0% He17.0% N24.0% O2 What are the partial pressures of each gas at 58.8 m below sea level where the pressure is 6.91 atm? Answer: 5.46 atm He, 1.17 atm N2, 0.28 atm O2

  8. Example 7 The reaction between zinc metal and acid produces hydrogen gas.  Assume the hydrogen produced by this reaction was collected over water at 753 mmHg and at 23ºC.  If 215 mL of hydrogen were collected, what mass of hydrogen was produced? Answer: 1.72 x 10-2 g H2

  9. Example 8 LiOH is used in spacecraft to absorb the CO2 exhaled by the astronauts: 2 LiOH(s)  +  CO2(g)  Li2CO3(s)  +  H2O(l) What volume of CO2 can be absorbed by 1.00g of LiOH at 25.0°C and 1.00 atm? Answer: 0.511 L

  10. Example 9 What volume of CO2 is produced when 1.0 L of propane gas, C3H8, burns at 1.00 atm and 550°C? Answer: 3.0 L

  11. Example 10 Air bags inflate when sodium azide decomposes explosively to form sodium and nitrogen: 2 NaN3(s) 2 Na(s) + 3 N2(g) What mass of NaN3 must decompose to inflate an air bag to 70.0 L at STP? Answer: 135 g

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