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The Vietnam War

The Vietnam War. November 9,1955-April 30,1975. By: Alexys Carn. Its was also known as……. Second Indochina War Vietnam Conflict American war. Vietnam was spilt in two south and north. South supported by Untied States and Other anti-communist nations. North supported by

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The Vietnam War

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  1. The Vietnam War November 9,1955-April 30,1975 By: Alexys Carn

  2. Its was also known as…… • Second Indochina War • Vietnam Conflict • American war

  3. Vietnam was spilt in two south and north • South supported by • Untied States and Other anti-communist nations • North supported by • Communist Allies

  4. North Vietnamese Army • Engaged in more conventional war committing large units • U.S & South Vietnamese forces relied on air superior because overwhelming firepower to conduct destroy operations involving ground forces, artillery and air strikes

  5. Viet Cong • Lightly armed South Vietnamese communist controlled common front • Largely fought Guerrilla war a) against anti communist

  6. Untied States entered the war to prevent communist to takeover South Vietnam. Military arrived 1950 U.S ground force were withdrawn as part of a policy called Vietnamization

  7. Case Church Amendment passed by us Congress • Prohibited use of American military after August 15 , 1973 • Unless president secured

  8. Casualties There were about 3 to 4 million on both sides.

  9. At the end of the war the Vietnamese had been fighting foreign involvement or occupation in various wars for hundred of years.

  10. During World War II the French were Defeated by Germans in 1940. German Italian Axis Power In turn this meant the French collaborated with Japanese forces after their invasion of French Indochina during 1940.

  11. Untied Kingdom , Untied States and Soviet UnionAgreed that the area belonged to French

  12. French Did not have the ships , weapons or soldiers to immediately retake Vietnam. • Ho Chi Minh initially attempted to negotiate with the French who were slowly re-establishing their control across he country.

  13. War spread to Laos and Cambodia where Communists organized the Pathet Lao. • This situation changed by 1949 when the Chinese Communists had largely won the Chinese Civil War and were free to provide arms Vietnamese allies

  14. January 1950 The communist led by the People Republic of China (PRC) Recognized the Viet Minh’s Democratic republic of Vietnam as the government of Vietnam

  15. Non Communist Organized the French-Backed State of Vietnam In Saigon Led By Bao Dai

  16. The outbreak of The Korean War in June 1950 convinced many Washington policymakers that the war in Indochina

  17. September 1950 • U.S created a Military Assistance and Advisory Group (MAAG) • French request for aid , advise on strategy, and train Vietnamese soldiers • By 1954 U.S had supplied them with 300,00 small arms and spent U.S $1 Billion in support of French Military effort

  18. Vietnam was temporarily partitioned a the 17th parallel , and under the terms of the Geneva Conference • Aided US funded $93 million relocation programs

  19. Catholics flowing south up to 130,000 “Revolutionary Regroups” went north for regroupment

  20. Emperor Bao Dai’s State of Vietnam operates with Ngo Dinh Diem ( appointed in July 1954) prime minister.

  21. April-June 1955 Diem declared the decks of any apposition in the south by laughing military operations

  22. Geneva Conference • - Domino Theory “which argues that if one country all to communist forces than all surrounding countries fall”

  23. Roman Catholic Diem was fervently anti communist and social conservative

  24. 1955 he launched the Denounce the communist • Opponents were labeled viet cong “Vietnamese communists“

  25. Insurgency in the South 1956 • Sino Soviet split led to a reduction in the influence of the PRC • Vietnam Minh accept a division of the courtry

  26. Truong Chinh, North Vietnam’s pro PRC party first secretary . • South Vietnam to begin a low level insurgency in Dec 1956

  27. Ho Chi Minh stated • “Do not engage in military aperationd that will not be defeat” • This strategy was referred to as “armed propaganda”

  28. Le` Duan , a communist leader who had been working with the South returned to Hano to accept position of acting first secretary

  29. The Insurgency sought to completely destroy government control in the south Vietnam’s rural villages and replace it with shadow government.

  30. January 1959 • North Central Committee issued a secret resolution authoring an armed struggle

  31. Dec 12,1960 • Hanoi authorize the creation of the national Liberation Front as common from controlled by communist in the South

  32. John F Kennedy won the 1960 U.S presidential election

  33. May 1961 • Vice President Lydon B Jhonson visted Saigon • Strategic Hamlet Program had been initated in 1961

  34. The government refused to retake land reforn which left framers paying high rents to few weathly landlords

  35. On 23 July 1962 • Fourteen nations including the People’s republic in China, South Vietnam , the Soviet Union, North Vietnam and the Untied States , signed an agreement promising the neutrality of Laos

  36. U.S officials been discussing the possibility of change during the summer of1963

  37. The Untied States Department of State was generally in favor of encouraging while defense Department favored Diem

  38. CIA was contacted with general planning to remove Diem • Later overthrow and executed.

  39. General Paul Harkins

  40. Lyndon B Johnson (LBJ) presidency after Kennedy death

  41. November 24 , 1963 • Johnson said the battle against communist… must be joined…. With strength and determination

  42. About 5000 • 1959- 100,000 • 1961- 850,000 – one million soldiers • US troops deployed in Vietnam grew from 2,000 soldiers in 1961 to 16,500 soldiers in 1964

  43. Military revolution council meeting in lieu of destroy South Vietnam leaders. • 12 member headed by General Duong Van Minh who Stanley Karnow journalist on the ground later recalled as “ a model of lethargy”

  44. NLF activist captured during an attacked on an American outpost near the Cambodian border is interrogated.

  45. August 2,1964 • USS Maddox intelligence mission along North Vietnam’s coast fired upon and damaged several boats that had been stalking it in the Gulf of Tonkin.

  46. Second attack about 2 days later on USS Turner Joy and Maddox same area. a. Lyndon community under-Secretary of State Geogre Ball that “those sailors out there may have been shooting at flying fish”

  47. National Security Council three stage escalation of the bombing of North Vietnam. • On the 2nd of March 1965 attacking US Marines Barracks at Pleiku.

  48. Bombing was not restricted to North Vietnam • Operation commando targeted different parts of the NIF and Vietnam People Army (VPA)

  49. Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force Curtis Lemay. • Ground War • US Air Force bases needed more protection

  50. March 8 ,1965 • 3500 US Marines were dispatched to South Vietnamese

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