What’s That You Say?

1. What’s That You Say? Digital Repositories: Examples and Explanations

2. Digital Repositories EXPLANATION: • A digital repository is simply a “place” to store, access, and preserve “digital objects.” A basic unit that contains all the relevant information needed to reproduce the document including metadata (cataloging), byte streams, and special scripts that govern dynamic behavior

3. Self-Archiving is to deposit a digital object in a publicly accessible website, preferably one that is OAI Compliant. A few words about DR Open Access calls for scholarly publications to be made freely available to libraries and end users. • Open Access • OAI Compliant • Self-Archiving The Open Archives Initiative develops and promotes interoperability standards in order to facilitate efficient dissemination of open access content. An OAI compliant repository is one that uses OAI-PMH (Protocol for Metadata Harvesting)

4. EXPLANATION: Digital Repository software platforms are systems that provide the functionality needed to run a digital repository. Digital Repository Software Platforms

5. EXPLANATION: “functionalities” of a software platform include: Creates, ingests, and stores digital content Aggregates and organizes into collections Describes with metadata Makes available for reuse and refactoring Preserves Software Platforms Refactoring is a software manu-facturing term that means to modify source code without changing the external behavior…sometimes called “cleaning it up”

6. EXAMPLE: DSpace Developed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Hewlett-Packard Company November 2, 2002 Software Platforms

7. EXAMPLE: Fedora Began at Cornell University, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Software Platform FEDORA stands for: Flexible Extensible Digital Object Repository Architecture

8. Software Platforms EXAMPLES: Other well-known software • Archimedes • bepress • CDSware • CONTENTdm • EPrints • Greenstone • Open Repository

9. Digital Repositories • Open Access Journal Repositories • E-print Repositories • Learning Object Repositories • Digital Monographs • Institutional Repositories

11. Elsevier & the University of California: a case study • Publishes 20% of the core science publications, largest STM publisher in the world • UC is Elsevier’s second largest client • Consortial agreement for ScienceDirect, 1,700 online journals • In 2002/3 paid $8 million for online and $2 million for print

12. Elsevier vs the University of California: a case study • 150 UC faculty members serve as managing editors for Science Direct • 964 UC faculty members serve in Elsevier journals editorial boards, 255 from the Berkeley campus • 50% of US held Elsevier journals have at least one UC faculty member on their editorial board • 10 – 15% of the content is written by UC faculty

13. Open Access Journals • Directory of Open Access Journals

14. Digital Repositories • Open Access Journal Repositories • E-print Repositories

16. Digital Repositories • Open Access Journal Repositories • E-print Repositories • Learning Object Repositories …any entity, digital or non-digital, which can be used, re-used, or referenced during technology supported learning.” A learning object is a digital file (image, movie, etc.) intended to be used for pedagogical purposes, which includes…suggestions on the appropriate context within which to utilize the object.”

17. MERLOT! Like the wine! MERLOT stands for Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching

21. Digital Repositories • Open Access Journal Repositories • E-print Repositories • Learning Object Repositories • Digital Monographs

22. Digital Monographs and Primary Source Text American Council of Learned Societies • JSTOR: monographs first published in print are being digitized • ACLS History e-Book Project: • Material which formerly would have appeared in print first is now appearing first in the digital format (XML titles). • Also digitize about 250 already published books each year

23. Institutional Repositories EXPLANATION: • Institutional Repositories (IR) collect, manage, disseminate, and preserve scholarly works in digital form created by students and faculty of an individual college or university or of a scholarly discipline.

24. Institutional Repositories SPARC defines IR as: • Institutionally defined • Scholarly • Cumulative and Perpetual • Open and Interoperable Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

25. Institutional Repositories EXAMPLE: • Ohio State University, USA • Knowledge Bank

27. OSU’s Digital Knowledge Bank • Online Published Material • E-books, e-journals, government documents, handbooks • Online Reference Tools • Catalogs, indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, directories • Online Information Service • Scholar’s Portal, Alumni Portal, Chat Reference, online tutorials, e-reserves, e-course packs, technology course center

28. OSU’s Digital Knowledge Bank • Electronic Records Management • Administrative Data Warehouse • Digital Publishing Assistance • pre-print services, e-journal and e-book support, web site development maintenance • Faculty Research Directory

29. OSU’s Digital Knowledge Bank • Digital Institutional Repository • Digital Special collections, Rich Media, Data sets and files, Theses and Dissertations, Faculty publications, pre-pubs, and working papers, Educational Materials (Learning Objects, course reserves/e-course pack materials, course web sites)

30. OSU’s Digital Knowledge Bank • Research/Development in Digital Information Services • User need studies, applying best practices, assistance with technology transfer

32. Consortial IRs: • Alabama’s Cornerstone (NAAL) • Alabama Moments in American History • California Digital Library (University of California)

34. Consortium IRs: • Alabama’s Cornerstone (NAAL) • Alabama Moments in American History • California Digital Library (University of California) • OhioLINK’s Digital Resource Commons (DRC)

35. OhioLINK’s Digital Resource Commons (DRC) • OhioLINK is a consortium of 84 college and university libraries in the state of Ohio, USA • OhioLINK’s DRC vision is to leverage statewide economies of scale with a content repository service that enables all OhioLINK members and other Ohio institutions to rapidly publish and comprehensively access the wealth of research, historic and creative materials produced by Ohio’s scholarly communities.

36. OhioLINK DRC Ohio Digital Commons for Education (ODCE) • Digital Resource Commons • Course Management Systems • WebCT and Blackboard • Common Access Control Mechanism • Shibboleth Shibboleth is a software that allows sites to make informed authorization decisions for individual access of protected online resources in a privacy-preserving manner.

37. OhioLINK DRC • Institutional Repository • research portfolios such as preprints, postprints, or working papers • Web-mediated Peer Review Electronic Journals • Supporting open access self-archiving and publishing

38. OhioLINK DRC • Electronic Theses and Dissertations • Web-mediated submission, tracking, acceptance, and publication of student works • Learning Object Repository • Connected to campus’ Collaborative Learning Environment for storage and retrieval of course content • Online Exhibition System • Digital library platform for libraries, archives, and special collections

39. OhioLINK DRC • Branded Institutions • Collective OhioLINK branding • Multi-tiered security levels • Unlimited storage • Centralized Programming, Local administration

40. OhioLINK DRC Project Tools To allow all participants to talk about, specify, code, document, and release the functionality of the DRC. • Project Wiki • Project Timeline and Roadmap • Blue Sky

42. Why Institutional Repositories? • New Scholarly Publishing Paradigm • Institutional Visibility and Prestige • Preservation • VHS and floppy disks vs raw bitstreams • Access to “lost” documents

43. “Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men’s blood and probably themselves will not be realized.” Daniel Hudson Burnham Architect of the Chicago World’s Fair, 1893