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Multicast Solution

Multicast Solution. How does it work ?. July 2005 version 3. Hit left mouse key, the Enter key or Page Up or Down to advance to the next slide. Note to Viewer.

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Multicast Solution

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  1. Multicast Solution How does it work ? July 2005 version 3 Hit left mouse key, the Enter key or Page Up or Down to advance to the next slide

  2. Note to Viewer • The content of this tutorial provides an overview of IGMP used in Digital Multicast networks to familiarize customers with the technology. • The information in this document is subject to change without notifice. • While every precaution was taken in the preparation of this document, iMPath assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. • Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact: • Daniel Brisson • Sr. System Engineer • iMPath Networks Inc • Tel: 613-226-4000 x 297 • Email: dbrisson@impathnetworks.com • Gilles Lebel • Sr. System Engineer • iMPath Networks Inc • Tel: 613-226-4000 x 224 • Email: glebel@impathnetworks.com

  3. Typical Network Requirements Backbone Monitor any video from anywhere in the network

  4. Multicast • Multicast. Allows sending one copy of each packet to the group of computers that want to receive it. Multicast can be implemented at the Ethernet link-layer or at the network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model). Computers join and leave multicast groups by using the IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Each host can register itself as a member of selected multicast groups through use of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). • Multicast is commonly used in audio and video streaming applications. • It allows a single source of traffic to be viewed by multiple destinations simultaneously. • It is designed to provide an efficient transmission using the least amount of bandwidth on the network to save cost. • IGMP is a standard IP protocol supported by most LAN/WAN vendors in traditional LAN products, ATM, and gigabit Ethernet solutions.

  5. Typical Network Components Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Typical high speed backbone network consisting of Layer 2 or Layer 3 Ethernet Switches. L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg 100 Meg 100 Meg High Speed Switches are located at major hub locations to collect or drop off data traffic from this distribution center. Field hub locations are distributed where the end devices are located. They are used to collect and distribute traffic for Cameras, Traffic Controllers, Message Signs and many more. Several topologies can be used such as Star and Linear topologies being the most common. • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2

  6. Typical Network Components Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Multiple Control Centers may be deployed with this architecture. L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg 100 Meg 100 Meg The Control Centers provide video viewing and control of the Camera PTZ, Traffic Controllers, or Message signs to name just a few. The Virtual Matrix is commonly used in digital video networks providing video display and control and to operate complementary integrated applications. • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2

  7. Why use IGMP? Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... 100 Meg 100 Meg 100 Meg Without IGMP support, multicast traffic is transmitted to all the ports in each network switch. This unnecessary traffic floods the interfaces and can quickly bog down the entire network. • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2

  8. Why use IGMP? Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder For example: With 25 cameras deployed, each transmitting at 5 Mbps, you will have over 125 Mbps of combined traffic on your network Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... 100Base-T 100Base-T 100Base-T 125 Mbps of traffic on each 100Base-X interface !!!!!! 125 Mbps of traffic 125 Mbps of traffic • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2

  9. Why use IGMP? Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder For example: With 25 cameras deployed, each transmitting at 5 Mbps, you will have over 125 Mbps of traffic on your network Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... 100Base-T 100Base-T 100Base-T On a 100 Mbps interface (optics or electrical) you cannot pass more then 100 Mbps of traffic. In fact a typical recommendation in the industry is not to exceed 70% of the bandwidth in any segment. PROBLEM Combined 125 Mbps of traffic on these interfaces. The capacity of this network is exceeded with only 25 cameras • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2

  10. Traffic flow with IGMP Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Only 15 Mbps of multicast traffic flows on this link Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... Video Stream 3 100 Meg 100Base-T 100Base-T Video Stream 1 Video Stream 2 Only 5 Mbps of Multicast traffic Flows on this port Video Stream 3 • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Traffic is only present on the backbone when a decoder requests the specific encoder stream Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2

  11. How does it work? Decoder L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg The Routers build and share a table of all the “IGMP servers” available on the network. They keep a table of all the available Multicast Addresses This Router will not forward any of the multicast traffic until it receives a request from a decoder (client) Encoder The Encoder is considered a “server” in the IGMP world. It generates a video signal that will be made available to any Decoder (client) on the network. The Encoder transmits a signal with a distinct destination address. Between 224.x.x.x to 239.x.x.x. (some addresses are reserved for specific applications) • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1

  12. Here is how it works - Joining a Group Decoder L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg The Router responds and forwards the traffic to this specific port on the Ethernet switch. 4 Encoder 224.168.32.55 The Decoder registers this address in its table and forwards the request (join the multicast group) to the network 3 The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to the decoder to view a specific video stream. (request to see video from address 224.168.32.55) 2 • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ The operator makes a request to see a video on a specific monitor 1 Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1

  13. Here is how it works - Leaving a Group Decoder L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg The Router stops video stream A, adds the new video B to the group, and releases the traffic for video B to this specific port on the Ethernet switch. 4 Encoder Encoder 224.168.32.107 224.168.32.55 Video B Video A The Decoder un-registers from the present viewing address (a “leave” message is sent) followed by a “join” message which is sent with the new multicast stream. 3 … the Virtual Matrix application ONLY forwards a single message to the decoder to view video B stream. (request to see video from address 224.168.32.107) 2 • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ When the operator makes a request to change the view from video A to video B… 1 Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1

  14. Choosing your network elements • There are several types of digital network technologies to choose from. • SONET and ATM are still applicable but are now rarely deployed on new installations. • Ethernet is the most common technology due to the wide range of affordable products available from many manufacturers and the familiarity with Ethernet and IP technology. • The components more commonly used to build Ethernet networks are Ethernet Switches. • A high capacity Ethernet network is often referred to as the “backbone” network.

  15. Choosing your network switches • Choosing Ethernet Switches for your backbone network could depend on several factors… • Your specific port density requirements • Network topology • Temperature hardened requirements (outdoor) • Support for IGMP protocol • Your preferred manufacturer • Specific product functionality • This tutorial will explore a few topologies and the IGMP functionality of different Ethernet Switches.

  16. Ethernet Switch selection • There are 3 types of Ethernet Switches • Layer 2 Switch • Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table. • Broadcasts the Multicast traffic across all its ports • There are no Multicast traffic filters with these switches • Layer 2 Switch with IGMP Snooping • Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table • Provides limited control of Multicast traffic to prevent broadcast of the traffic to all ports. • Layer 3 IGMP master is needed in the network • Layer 3 Switch/Router with IGMP • Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table. • Distributes traffic to each destination using IP subnet addressing table. • Provides maximum control of Multicast traffic to prevent broadcast of the traffic to all ports and all subnet.

  17. Layer 2 SwitchFunctionality Combined 20 Mbps Multicast Video Traffic Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder The combined Multicast Traffic is sent to all ports in each Switch 20 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch Bandwidth Restriction applies. 20 Mbps 20 Mbps 15 Mbps 15 Mbps 15 Mbps 15 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps Decoder Decoder 5 Mbps Multicast Video per Encoder This is a valid network topology for small networks Ensure no more then 70% of the bandwidth of the lowest negotiated Ethernet port speed is used. Not to be used with 10 Meg Half Duplex devices.

  18. Layer 3 Switch/Router with IGMPFunctionality Combined 10 Mbps Multicast Video Traffic Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Multicast traffic is filtered out at each switch Only the required traffic is transmitted on the network 10 Mbps L3 Switch L3 Switch Deploying a Layer 3 at each collector HUB could be expensive 5 Meg 5 Meg 5 Meg 5 Meg 5 Meg 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps Decoder Decoder This is a valid network topology for any network - No topology restrictions

  19. Layer 2 & 3 SwitchTypical Topology 5 Mbps 5 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder 0 Mbps 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Video L3 Switch 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Video 0 Mbps 0 Mbps The L3 Switch controls all Multicast traffic. In and out. It eliminates transmitting the combined multicast traffic unnecessarily to each port. Decoder Decoder The use of L2 Switch in this topology is very common. Multicast traffic is repeated on all ports of the switch within the segment but traffic from other segments is not seen. Traffic between the segments is controlled by the L3 switch. Economical and practical solution that is very easy to deploy.

  20. Layer 2 & 3 SwitchTypical Topology – Industry concern L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder 35 Mbps L3 Switch 0 Mbps 35 Mbps 5 Meg 5 Meg 0 Meg 0 Meg • This solution is very effective and greatly simplifies Network Management. • However, it is sometimes necessary to filter IGMP traffic at the edge. • Such solutions were previously overlooked for economical reasons. Decoder Decoder An economical solution now exist: L2 switch with IGMP Snooping

  21. Overview of OSI Model Application Layer 7. Presentation Layer 6 Session Layer 5 Transport Layer 4 Traditionally performed by Routers $ Network Layer 3- This layer defines the addressing and routing structure of the Inter-network This layer controls the Multicast traffic on the network. Performed by Switches $ Data Link Layer 2- This layer defines the framing, addressing and error control of Ethernet packets. Port addressing uses MAC address of each device. This layer effectively treats Multicast traffic as broadcast traffic. Physical Layer 1

  22. Overview of OSI Model $ Layer 3- This layer defines the addressing and routing structure of the Inter-network This layer controls the Multicast traffic on the network. Network This product can be used instead of expensive Routers Layer 2 with IGMP Snooping- Layer 2 Switches with IGMP Snooping functionality are now available. Provide all the functionality of a Layer 2 switch with PARTIAL IGMP support. This layer provides some Multicast traffic control on the network. $ New product introduced Available with different port densities. 100Base-Fx to Gigabit trunks. Temperature Hardened Wide choice of manufacturers and products. $ Layer 2- This layer defines the framing, addressing and error control of Ethernet packets. Port addressing uses MAC address of each device. This layer effectively treats Multicast traffic as broadcast traffic. Data Link

  23. Layer 2 Switch with IGMP SnoopingFunctionality 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Local traffic is filtered out at each switch. Eliminates multicasts traffic to all the ports All the multicast traffic is sent to the central site. The L3 switch still controls the IGMP table of the network. 20 Mbps Combined Multicast Video L2 with IGMP Snooping L3 Switch 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps Decoder Decoder Valid network topology for any network No topology restrictions

  24. L2 with Snooping & L3 SwitchTypical Topology 35 Mbps L3 Switch 35 Mbps L2 Switch Encoder Bandwidth Restriction applies. No more “70% of link capacity” L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder 5 Mbps 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder These links contain the combined Multicast traffic from all the Encoders in their segment i.e. 35 Mbps. L2 Switch Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Switches with IGMP Snooping eliminate flooding local interfaces with Multicast traffic. L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Very practical implementation Management of the Ethernet Switches is required.

  25. How does it work?From the Encoder to the L3 Switch The L2 Switch with IGMP Snooping detects the Query message from the L3 Switch and logs internally the ports that pass traffic to the L3 Switch L3 Switch 0 Mbps 35 Mbps L2 Switch Encoder 5 Mbps 0 Mbps L2 Switch The L3 Switch forwards the IGMP Query on all its ports to determine if there are any devices that wish to subscribe to a Multicast Group. Encoder L2 Switch Decoder Encoder L2 Switch eliminates flooding of the local interfaces and passes the Multicast traffic to the L3 Switch for processing. L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The L2 Switch detects/identifies the Multicast stream source and logs internally what port this stream came from. L2 Switch Encoder Each Encoder forwards a constant Multicast stream to the Ethernet Switch (224-239.x.x.x)

  26. How does it work?From the Encoder to the L3 Switch At this point, the Multicast traffic from all Encoders is combined on this link towards the L3 Switch. 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Traffic L3 Switch 0 Mbps L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch 5 Mbps 0 Mbps Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The L3 Switch detects the Multicast traffic arriving on this interface and logs internally all the Multicast address for distribution. L2 Switch Encoder

  27. How does it work?From the L3 Switch to the Decoder L3 Switch 0 Meg 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Traffic L2 Switch Encoder 5 Mbps 0 Mbps L2 Switch The L3 Switch responds and releases the traffic to this specific port on the Ethernet switch. Encoder L2 Switch Decoder Encoder The Decoder registers this address in its table and forwards the request (“join” the multicast group) to the network L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to the decoder to view a specific video stream on a specific monitor. (request to see video from address 224.168.32.55) L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Encoder The operator makes a request to see a video on a specific monitor Control Center # 1

  28. How does it work?From the L3 Switch to the Decoder L3 Switch 0 Meg The L3 Switch responds by forwarding the stream 224.168.32.140 35 Mbps The Decoder sends an IGMP request to join (224.168.32.140) L2 Switch Encoder 5 Mbps 0 Mbps The L3 Switch responds by stopping the stream 224.168.32.55 L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Decoder Encoder The Decoder sends an IGMP “leave” message. No longer need to receive the Multicast steam (224.168.32.55) L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The Decoder registers this address in its table and forwards two messages to the switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch • Virtual Matrix Control Console • Displays video to monitors • Controls camera PTZ Encoder The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to the decoder to view a specific video stream. (224.168.32.140) The operator makes a NEW request to see a video on a specific monitor Control Center # 1

  29. How does it work?Typical Star Topology L3 Switch Multicast traffic flows from all Encoders to the L3 Switch L3 Switch controls the distribution of all Multicast traffic to Decoders Decoders Encoder L2 Switch with IGMP Snooping

  30. Watch for…Limitations of IGMP Snooping If this is a Gig E link and you have more then 70 Meg of Video traffic, no other application will run on this network until the link is re-established. Maximum port traffic will be exceeded. L3 Switch L2 Switch Encoder In the event of a communication break between the L2 and L3 switches, the L2 IGMP Snooping switch will behave like a L2 switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Decoder Encoder A few minutes after loss of signal, the switches may* flood all Multicast signals to the ports of every switch * Behavior may differ depending on switch manufacturer. L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switches with IGMP Snooping have limitations.

  31. Watch for…Distributed Control Centers L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L3 Switch Encoder Encoder This switch will allow traffic from network A to flow to the Decoder when a “join” request is received. Multicast traffic flows to the L3 Switch Network A Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Video Source A Multicast “join” request sent to the L3 Switch Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1

  32. Watch for…Distributed Control Centers L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L3 Switch Encoder Encoder It will not be possible to view any video. Not even local video. This switch requires connectivity to the L3 switch to provide local “join” Communication break Network A Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Video Source A This limitation can be eliminated by installing an L3 Switch at all Control Centers. Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1

  33. Watch for…Distributed Control Centers Multicast traffic flows to the L3 Switch All Multicast traffic will flow to the L3 Switch L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L3 Switch L2 Snooping This switch will only forward traffic from video source B when the Decoder requests to join a video from source B Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Multicast “join” requests are sent to the L3 Switch Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Video Source A Video Source B Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1

  34. Configuration TipsL2 Switch with IGMP Snooping L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L3 Switch L2 Snooping Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder This switch generates IGMP Queries. It is considered as the “Master” or the “Active” device Two IGMP configuration modes can be set in the switches. Passive Passive Passive Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder In this topology, there can only be one Master unit. Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1

  35. Configuration TipsL2 Switch with IGMP Snooping L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L2 Snooping Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder This switch generates IGMP Queries. It is considered as the “Master” or the “Active” device Some L2 Switches with IGMP Snooping can be configured as Passive or Active Passive Passive Passive In this topology, there can only be one Master unit. Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder This topology should only be considered for small networks. Most L2 IGMP Snooping Switches do not have the capacity to handle a large table of IGMP Multicast traffic. Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1

  36. Multi-Vendor SupportAvoid…Mixing IGMP Snooping Switches L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L2 Snooping Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Passive Passive Active Passive Manufacturer A Manufacturer A Manufacturer B Manufacturer B Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1 Although some L2 IGMP Snooping Switch manufacturers may imply that they can integrate into a multi-vendor solution, this is not recommended since IGMP Snooping is not an RFC standard. Implementation differs between manufacturers. (Proven to fail in our labs)

  37. Multi-Vendor SupportRecommendation … L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L3 Switch Use L2 with IGMP Snooping “Hardened” products are available High end products should be used for L3 Switch to control all your Multicast traffic. Products from Foundry, Extreme, Nortel and Cisco (to name just a few) should be used. These are typically non-hardened products Decoder Keep it simple. A single manufacturer solution is recommended Several vendorsoffer a wide range of products for this application. Several (including Magnum 6Ks from GarrettCom) were tested at iMPath with positive results.

  38. Multi-Vendor SupportAvoid… L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L3 Switch Manufacturer A Manufacturer A Decoder Do not MIX different vendors IGMP Snooping switches in this topology. It will most-likely not work Manufacturer A Manufacturer A Manufacturer B Although some L2 IGMP Snooping Switch vendors may suggest they can integrate into a multi-vendor solution, this is not recommended since IGMP Snooping is not a RFC standard. Implementation differs between manufacturers. (Proven to fail in our labs) Manufacturer A Manufacturer B

  39. Multi-Vendor SupportRecommendation… L3 Switch Manufacturer A Manufacturer B Manufacturer C Manufacturer B Manufacturer A Manufacturer C When multi-vendor solutions are used, it is recommended to use a single manufacturer solution on each link. Use the L3 Switch to separate each group (manufacturer) of L2 IGMP switches. This is the most reliable topology to support multi-vendor solutions. Decoder

  40. Credits • The information shared in this document was obtained by performing numerous IGMP related tests at iMPath facilities between January and June 2005. • Tests were performed using L2, L2 IGMP Snooping, and L3 switches. • Over 30 MPEG-2 iMPath Encoders were used during these tests to validate the proper function and performance of the switches under stress. • iMPath would like to thank its business partners for their participations and providing equipment and support during the research phase. • L2 IGMP Snooping switch manufacturers • GarrettCom, as well as Etherwan, IFS, Ruggedcom • L3 switch manufacturer • Foundry Networks • Test Coordinator • iMPath Networks, Daniel Brisson, Sr. System Engineer

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