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Global Infectious Diseases

Global Infectious Diseases. Overview. macro/micro economic impact Factors: demographics, hospital-acquired infections, environment, travel and commerce, microbial adaptation/resistance, healthcare breakdown, climate change

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Global Infectious Diseases

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  1. Global Infectious Diseases

  2. Overview • macro/micro economic impact • Factors: demographics, hospital-acquired infections, environment, travel and commerce, microbial adaptation/resistance, healthcare breakdown, climate change • Progress: NGO’s efforts, regional progress, a renewed interest in research and development of diagnostics, vaccines, and drugs • Problem: national limitations

  3. United States • Threat small compared to developing countries. However, trend is up. • Most diseases originate outside of U.S. • Major threats: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, TB, new forms of influenza • Antimicrobial resistant pathogens major source of hospital-acquired infections • Food-borne illnesses

  4. Latin/South America • Inadequate funding/ public health training • Measles- endemic disease (common) • Columbian exchange devastating

  5. Europe: History • Bubonic plague: spread to Europe around 1350 A.D. • Killed between 30-60% of Europe’s population. • Polio: existed for thousands of years and has affected many regions around the world. • Pandemic started in Europe in the 1900s, quickly spreading to the United States.

  6. Europe: Present • Reforestation- emergence of Lyme disease • Rise in diphtheria, dysentery, cholera, Hepatitis B and C, TB, and HIV • Fall of USSR: economic downturn- decrease in health care funds

  7. Africa: History • Not many cases of HIV recorded before 1970 • Diseases like meningitis and diarrhea became more common in the ‘70’s and ‘80’s. • HIV drugs produced, but unavailable in Africa • HIV numbers continued to increase

  8. Africa: Present • Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for almost half of infectious diseases world wide. • Largest percentage of HIV/AIDS • Caused by poverty, lack of resources, and lack of funding • Other diseases: dysentery, cholera, hepatitis, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, and meningitis

  9. Asia: History • Bubonic plague- started in Asia; spread to Europe by rats. • Accounts of malaria, cholera, and leprosy

  10. Asia: Present • Higher risk of contracting diseases then developed countries • 2003 SARS epidemic: started in China • Avian Flu: contracted from close contact with infected poultry • TB: new drug-resistant form- highest number of deaths • Other diseases: malaria, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, yellow fever, typhoid fever, meningitis

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