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Introduction to Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Learn about the four main types of biomolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids - and their structures, functions, and importance in our bodies. Discover how these molecules are made up of smaller building blocks and play crucial roles in various biological processes.

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Introduction to Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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  1. Section 2.3 Biomolecules What are the four types of biomolecules?

  2. Biomolecules • Molecules are either inorganic compounds or organic compounds • Organic-has carbon • Inorganic-no carbon • Why is carbon so special? • It can form 4 bonds with other atoms. It loves to COVALENTLY BOND! • It can form single, double, and triple bonds.

  3. There are 4 types of biomolecules in our bodies • Carbohydrates • Lipids (fats) • Proteins • Nucleic acid (DNA) • These are large molecules (polymer) that are made up of smaller building blocks (monomers) • Polymers are made of monomers. • http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/bioprop/monomers.html • http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/bodychemistry/

  4. Proteins • Elements: C, H, O, N, or S (sulfur) • Structure: look for N or S • What do they do • Hemoglobin in your blood that carries oxygen • Muscles, tendons, hair • Defend body from microorganisms • Control chemical reactions-enzymes • Carry out almost all of the body’s everyday functions • Building block-amino acids

  5. Carbohydrates • Elements-C, H, O • Function: Main source of energy, gives plants tough structure • Examples: sugars and starches, glycogen, sucrose, glucose, cellulose • Shape-rings connected • Building Block-monosaccharide or simple sugars (glucose)

  6. Different types of carbohydrates • Based on size • Monosaccharide-one sugar • Glucose, galactose (found in milk), fructose (found in fruit) • Disaccharide-two sugars • lactose • Polysaccharide-many sugars • Cellulose-makes plants have a rigid structure • Glycogen-animal starch

  7. Lipids (Fats) • Not a polymer • Why? • Elements-C, H, O • Has the most energy but we can’t consume tons of fat; part of membranes; insulation • Structure-long chain of carbons attached • Examples: cholesterol, wax, steroids, oils • Building Block-fatty acids and glycerol

  8. Saturated vs. Unsaturated • Saturated-bad for you; causes cholesterol problems, clogged arteries; solid at room temperature; lard • Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature; not as bad for you; olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil • Trans fat-typeof unsaturated; causes coronary heart disease

  9. Nucleic Acids • Tell your cells how to function • Contains the genetic information • DNA (deoxyribose sugar) and RNA (ribose sugar) • Building blocks: nucleotides • Elements: C, H, O, N, P

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