Week 5 : October 2-6, 2017

1. Week 5: October 2-6, 2017 Unit I: America as a World Power

2. Why are we here this week? Discuss America’s foreign policy via Socratic Circle. Explore & discuss the Spanish-American War (Ch. 20-History Alive!). Discuss current events (bimonthly sharing activity). Evaluate knowledge & understanding of Ch. 10 “ttt” and HA 19-21 via a Forms Quiz. Research Oral History Project topics & continue interview plans.

3. Homework: Begin Ch. 20 (HA) reading & notes Quiz F/10/6 (Ch. 10, 19-21) OHP proposal due M/10/9 Monday, October 2, 2017 I. Conversation Piece = Socratic Circle What was, is, & ought to be America’s role? Ch. 10 “ttt?” Imperialist cartoons? EQs? II. 9/11 Memorial & MuseumLimitied NYC Field Trip $50…permission slip collected tomorrow…90 kids

4. What was, is, and ought to be America’s role in the world? Informal “Socratic Circle” today!

6. What was, is, and should be America’s role in the world?(U.S. foreign policy: past, present, & future!) At any given time, realism or idealism may dominate this country's relations with other nations. However, most of the time, U.S. foreign policy reflects a blend of the two schools of thought. • What WERE America’s original principles, in terms of its foreign policy? • How did U.S. foreign policy CHANGE in the 1800s? (late 19thcenturyearly 1900s)? • What IS the U.S.A. doing TODAY, in terms of its interaction with other nations? • What SHOULD America be doing in the coming decades of the 21st century?

7. Do your best to make a meaningful & respectful contribution to an “intelligent conversation…”

8. Do your best to make a meaningful & respectful contribution to an “intelligent conversation…”

9. Unit I: America as a World Power • What considerations should guide the development of American foreign policy? • When should the United States go to war? • What responsibilities do people with power have to those people who have less power? Our focus is our nation’s growth into a major world power. We’ll examine the roots of American global expansion, foreign policy ideologies (pragmatism, expansionism, and isolationism), the Open Door Policy, the Spanish-American War, the construction of the Panama Canal, and America's involvement in the “Great War.” Did our growth help or hinder the American ideals?

10. Ch. 19: Setting a Course of Expansionism During the 1800s, U.S. foreign policy was guided by two goals. The first was to keep the United States free of foreign alliances and out of foreign conflicts. The second was to expand the United States across the North American continent. As Americans began to look outward in the late 1800s, they debated the nation's proper role in world affairs. • Realism and idealism U.S. foreign policy is generally a blend of realism and idealism. With realism, the focus is on practical concerns and national self-interest. With idealism, the focus is on moral values and the spread of American ideals. • Neutrality and unilateralism Following the advice given by Washington in his Farewell Address, the United States tried to stay neutral in foreign wars and avoid alliances with other countries. The War of 1812 was fought in part to defend American rights as a neutral nation. • The Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine warned European powers that the United States would view efforts to establish colonies in the Americas or interfere with new Latin American republics as hostile to its interests. • Continental expansion Following a policy of expansion through diplomacy, the United States acquired the Louisiana Territory, Florida, Oregon Territory, and Alaska. By winning the Mexican War, it gained vast lands in the Southwest. • Overseas expansion In the late 1800s, the United States began to look overseas for new territory and influence. At the same time, Americans began to debate the role and value of overseas expansion.

11. Ch. 21: Acquiring and Managing Global Power At the start of the 20th century, the United States was an imperialist nation with overseas possessions. Three presidents—Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson—developed foreign policies designed to expand American power and protect American interests. • Roosevelt Corollary President Roosevelt followed the Big Stick Policy in foreign affairs. In 1904, he issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. This policy called on the United States to use "international police power" to promote order and security in the Western Hemisphere. The use of force became a key element of foreign policy. • Dollar Diplomacy President Taft's Dollar Diplomacy focused on economic goals overseas. He emphasized the spread of American influence through economic activity. But he also sent troops to protect American interests. • Moral Diplomacy President Wilson favored a moral approach to foreign policy. He wanted to spread democratic ideals overseas. Yet he also used force to uphold American interests. • Latin America The United States became deeply involved in Latin America in the early 1900s. It helped Panama gain independence and built the Panama Canal. It intervened in Mexico. It made Puerto Rico a U.S. possession. • Asia and the Pacific The Philippines became a U.S. possession, and the United States put down an independence movement there. It annexed Hawaii after white planters overthrew the native monarchy. In China, it applied its Open Door Policy to limit foreign control and maintain access to Chinese markets.

12. Why build an empire? (M2C2 M2C2) M MARKETS…more people to sell your goods to…MONEY…profit!) (to gain) MIGHTpolitical & military strength…increase your position/status, intimidate rivals, spread democracy, rights, & other (American) Ideals M C COMPETITIONespecially with Europe, for goods, resources, land, citizens/subjects, power, etc.) C CULTURAL SUPERIORITY (spread culture & Christianity around the world…W.A.S.P.s (White, Anglo-Saxon Protestants) could “help inferior” people (natives)… “White man’s burden”)

13. Ch. 10: America Claims an Empireanswers to the “ttt” questions 1. What factors shaped American imperialism? American imperialism was shaped by economic competition for raw materials and new markets, political and military competition for power, and an ideology that considered English culture superior to others. 2. How did the United States gain control of former Spanish colonies? The United States entered a war against Spain in 1898 and won Puerto Rico. It also purchased the Philippines and took a dominant role in Cuba. 3. How did the United States administer is new-found territories? Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States, which chose its government. In Cuba, the United States secured passage of a new constitution that gave it the right to step in if it desired. In the Philippines, the United States fought Filipinos seeking to win full independence. 4. How did Roosevelt assert American power? Roosevelt asserted American power by leading negotiations to end a war between Russia and Japan, by sending a fleet around the world, and by helping Panama win independence so the United States could build the Panama Canal.

14. A B D C

15. Which imperialist cartoon shows the viewpoint of… Henry Cabot Lodge? Carl Schurz? Josiah Strong? Alfred T. Mahan? History Alive!, p. 255-257 Examining Differing Viewpoints Viewpoint 1 The U.S. must compete with the colonial powers. Key proponent: Paraphrase of proponent’s quote: Viewpoint 2 The U.S. should set an example of democracy and peace. Key proponent: Paraphrase of proponent’s quote: Viewpoint 3 The U.S. should spread its beliefs abroad. Key proponent: Paraphrase of proponent’s quote: Viewpoint 4 The U.S. must build a strong navy to defend its interests abroad. Key proponent: Paraphrase of proponent’s quote:

16. History Alive!, p. 255-257 Viewpoint 4 The U.S. must build a strong navy to defend its interests abroad. Viewpoint 2 The U.S. should set an example of democracy and peace. Carl Schurz Alfred T. Mahan Viewpoint 1 The U.S. must compete with the colonial powers. Viewpoint 3 The U.S. should spread its beliefs abroad. Henry Cabot Lodge Josiah Strong

17. Regarding war & expansionism, what would you do?

18. What was, is, and should be America’s role in the world?(U.S. foreign policy: past, present, & future!) At any given time, realism or idealism may dominate this country's relations with other nations. However, most of the time, U.S. foreign policy reflects a blend of the two schools of thought. • What WERE America’s original principles, in terms of its foreign policy? • How did U.S. foreign policy CHANGE in the 1800s? (late 19thcenturyearly 1900s)? • What IS the U.S.A. doing TODAY, in terms of its interaction with other nations? • What SHOULD America be doing in the coming decades of the 21st century?

20. What is the thesis (point) of this political cartoon?

21. 9/11 Memorial & MuseumTuesday, Oct. 24, 2017(6:45 AM ~4 PM)$50 • Approximately 90 qualified & interested students* • Coach bus & Staten Island Ferry • Lower Manhattan: One World Trade Center, Wall St. & Battery Park * Parental permission/payment? Academic standing? Schedule? Announcements will be forthcoming, and a meeting is possible!

22. Homework: Complete Ch. 20 (HA) reading & notes Quiz Friday Ch. 10, 19-21 OHP proposal due M/10/9 Describe the “splendid little war.” Tuesday, October 3, 2017 Ch. 20: Spanish-American War Video & Audio clip(s) & notes “recap” Ch. 10, Sec. 2 The Americans

23. Homework: -Study for QUIZ (Ch. 10 “ttt”, HA 19-21 notes) -Plan/prepare OHP proposalHonors? Ch. 10 “top ten notes?” READ The Americans5T When is it acceptable to send soldiers to fight in foreign lands? Wednesday, October 4, 2017 Ch. 20: Spanish-American War Audio clip(s) & notes “recap” Ch. 10, Sec. 2 The Americans

24. When is it acceptable to send soldiers to fight in foreign lands? • to assist an ally of the United States • to protect territory that is close to U.S. borders • to stop human rights abuses • to acquire resources • to gain power • to acquire territory • to improve national security • to spread or protect American values & moral beliefs • to fight against tyrannical governments • under no circumstances is it ever appropriate • other (explain)

28. Describe the IMPACT of The Spanish-America War. Cubans rose up against Spanish rule in the late 1800s, and many were imprisoned in reconcentration camps. Many Americans sympathized with the Cubans' plight. • As a result of its victory in the Spanish-American War, the United States became a world power with overseas possessions. In the eyes of many, the United States had become an imperialist nation. Tell me about… • Cuban revolt? • Role of the press? • The de Lôme Letter and the USS Maine? American newspapers exaggerated stories about the Cuban revolt to play on American sympathies and sell papers. Yellow journalism helped push the country toward war. Two incidents increased tensions between the United States and Spain. A letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley, followed by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, incited American anger.

29. Was the Spanish-America War “splendid?” After negotiations failed, Congress declared war on Spain. The war, which lasted just four months, began in the Philippines and ended in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Many volunteers fought with the U.S. forces, including Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders. The most important battle of the war took place on San Juan Hill, outside Santiago. A "splendid little war?” Tell me about… • The argument over imperialism? • Cuba and the Platt Amendment? The Treaty of Paris recognized the U.S. victory and left the United States in possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Members of the Anti-Imperialist League spoke out against the treaty, but it was eventually ratified by the Senate. Although the Treaty of Paris granted independence to Cuba, the United States maintained control over the island. The Platt Amendment allowed the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs and establish military bases in Cuba.

30. Ch. 20: The Spanish-America War • As a result of its victory in the Spanish-American War, the United States became a world power with overseas possessions. In the eyes of many, the United States had become an imperialist nation. • Cuban revolt Cubans rose up against Spanish rule in the late 1800s, and many were imprisoned in reconcentration camps. Many Americans sympathized with the Cubans' plight. • Role of the press American newspapers exaggerated stories about the Cuban revolt to play on American sympathies and sell papers. Yellow journalism helped push the country toward war. • The de Lôme Letter and the USS Maine Two incidents increased tensions between the United States and Spain. A letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley, followed by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, incited American anger. • A "splendid little war" After negotiations failed, Congress declared war on Spain. The war, which lasted just four months, began in the Philippines and ended in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Many volunteers fought with the U.S. forces, including Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders. The most important battle of the war took place on San Juan Hill, outside Santiago. • Arguing over imperialism The Treaty of Paris recognized the U.S. victory and left the United States in possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Members of the Anti-Imperialist League spoke out against the treaty, but it was eventually ratified by the Senate. • Cuba and the Platt Amendment Although the Treaty of Paris granted independence to Cuba, the United States maintained control over the island. The Platt Amendment allowed the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs and establish military bases in Cuba.

31. Current Events: Thursday, October 5th Students #1-5…story?worksheet?Prepare to share! Bimonthly “sharing”… student-selected topics… Article review (worksheet) done in advance… presentation to a group… discussion of issues & ?s… following a # order… minor grade (25 points)

32. Following your 4-6 minute “sharing” of what’s in the story/cartoon, plus DISCUSSION of your questions… • …be prepared to SHARE the CONSENSUS (opinion/reaction of the majority), plus the MINORITY REPORT! mi·nor·i·tyre·portnoun minority report (noun): a separate report presented by members of a committee or other group who disagree with the majority.

33. Homework: -Study for QUIZ (Ch. 10 “ttt”, HA 19-21 notes) -Plan/prepare OHP proposal (Library F/10/6)Honors? Ch. 10 “top ten notes?” READ The Americans5T Thursday, October 5, 2017 • Current Events “Sharing” • World War I & Trench Day Preparations What’s going on in the world? (NPR “notes” & story details)

35. Ch. 23: The Course and Conduct of World War I How was World War I different from previous wars? Ch. 22: From Neutrality to War: Was it in the national interest of the US to stay neutral or declare war in 1917? Ch. 24: The Home FrontHow did Americans on the home front support or oppose WW I? Ch. 25: Treaty of Versailles: Ratify or Reject? Should the US have ratified or rejected the Treaty of Versailles?

36. Ch. 11: First World WarHistory Alive! Ch. 22-25 Ch. 11: First World War answers to the “ttt” questions 1. What factors led to war in Europe? The factors that led to war in Europe were nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and a system of alliances that made an attack on one nation a conflict that involved many interlinked allies. 2. What led the United States into World War I? The United States tried to remain neutral in World War I, but emotional and economic ties to Great Britain gradually moved it to the side of the Allies. German submarine attacks convinced Wilson to declare war. 3. How did the war change American society at home? At home during the war, production increased, and so did union membership. Many women entered industry, and thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North seeking jobs and an end to segregation. 4. What was contained in the Treaty of Versailles and why did Americans object? Many Americans objected to the Treaty of Versailles because it seemed to betray the high principles Wilson had announced. Many disliked the idea of a League of Nations, fearing it would involve the United States in foreign conflicts.

37. Monday, October 9, 2017 Trench Day WW I simulation

38. What will be your FOCUS during World War I? Ch. 22, 23, 24, or 25? Tuesday-Wednesday, October 10-11, 2017 REPORT directly to auditorium to watch “The Lost Battalion”

39. Teacher talk "trench warfare" Somme 3 minute trench warfare (no narration)

40. Directions

41. Rules

42. Rules

44. History Alive!Introductions & Summaries Ch. 22: From Neutrality to War p. 283-291 “Was it in the national interest of the US to stay neutral or declare war in 1917?”

45. Ch. 22: From Neutrality to War: Was it in the national interest of the US to stay neutral or declare war in 1917? In 1914, during a visit to Sarajevo, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife with their children in 1909 were gunned down by a terrorist. Although this assassination sparked the outbreak of World War I, the conflict had deeper causes. In the spring of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson sent "Colonel" Edward House, his trusted adviser, to Europe. House's task was to learn more about the growing strains among the European powers. After meeting with government officials, House sent Wilson an eerily accurate assessment of conditions there. "Everybody's nerves are tense," he wrote. "It needs only a spark to set the whole thing off." That spark was not long in coming. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, made an official visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Austria-Hungary's province of Bosnia. Ferdinand was heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A few years earlier, Bosnia had been taken over by Austria-Hungary, a move that angered many Bosnians who wanted closer ties to nearby Serbia and other Slavic ethnic groups. On the day of the visit, several terrorists, trained and armed by a Serbian group, waited in the crowd. Early in the day, as the royal couple rode through the city in an open car, a terrorist hurled a bomb at their car. The bomb bounced off the hood and exploded nearby. Unharmed, the couple continued their visit. Another terrorist, GavriloPrincip, was waiting farther down the route. When the car came into view, Princip fired several shots into the car, killing the royal couple. Their murders set off a chain reaction. Within weeks, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. When the Russian foreign minister learned that Austrian soldiers had begun shelling the Serbian capital of Belgrade, the stunned diplomat warned the Austrian ambassador, "This means a European war. You are setting Europe alight." He was right. A local quarrel in the Balkans quickly became far more dangerous. Russia sided with Serbia and declared war on Austria-Hungary. To help Austria-Hungary, Germany declared war on Russia and its ally France. Britain came to France's defense and declared war on Germany. Dozens of countries took sides.

46. Ch. 22 SummaryThe assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked the outbreak of World War I. However, the war had many underlying causes, including the European alliance system and the growth of nationalism and imperialism, which led to military buildups. The United States remained neutral until events in 1917 convinced Americans to fight on the side of the Allies. The Allied and Central powers When World War I began, the nations of Europe divided into two alliances—the Allied powers (Great Britain, France, & Russia) and the Central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, & the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). U-boats The war at sea started with a British blockade of German ports. Germany fought back by introducing a new weapon called a U-boat, or submarine. German U-boats sank both neutral and enemy vessels, often without warning. Lusitania The German sinking of the British ship the Lusitania killed 128 Americans. The United States strongly protested U-boat attacks on merchant ships carrying American passengers.

47. Ch. 22 SummaryThe assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked the outbreak of World War I. However, the war had many underlying causes, including the European alliance system and the growth of nationalism and imperialism, which led to military buildups. The United States remained neutral until events in 1917 convinced Americans to fight on the side of the Allies. Sussex pledge Germany agreed in the Sussex pledge to stop sinking merchant ships without warning but attached the condition that the United States help end the illegal British blockade. Wilson rejected that condition, and Germany did not keep the pledge. Preparedness movement As anger over American deaths at sea grew, some Americans called for the country to prepare for war. Although Wilson won reelection on the slogan "He kept us out of war," he was already preparing the country to fight by building up the army and navy. Unrestricted submarine warfare In a desperate bid to end the conflict, Germany announced early in 1917 that it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare. Zimmermann note The disclosure of the Zimmermann note, calling for cooperation between Mexico and Germany to take back U.S. territory, outraged Americans. Soon after its publication, the United States declared war on Germany.

48. Ch. 23: The Course and Conduct of World War I How was World War I different from previous wars? More than 2 million Americans served in Europe during World War I. Eager to promote democracy around the world, many entered the war with great enthusiasm. But their first taste of battle left them more realistic about the horrors of war. More than 2 million Americans served in Europe during World War I. Eager to promote democracy around the world, many entered the war with great enthusiasm. But their first taste of battle left them more realistic about the horrors of war. In 1917, many Americans viewed the nation's entry into World War I as the commencement of a great adventure. Others saw it as a noble or heroic cause that would give the country a chance to demonstrate its courage. President Woodrow Wilson's call to help make the world safe for democracy appealed to Americans' sense of idealism. Many shared the president's belief that this would be "the war to end all wars." A young recruit named William Langer enlisted to fight in the war because, as he described it, "Here was our one great chance for excitement and risk. We could not afford to pass it up." Henry Villard felt the same. He eagerly followed incidents on the battlefields of Europe, reading newspapers and discussing events with friends. "There were posters everywhere," he recalled. "'I want you,' . . . 'Join the Marines,' 'Join the Army.' And there was an irresistible feeling that one should do something . . . I said to myself, if there's never going to be another war, this is the only opportunity to see it." In 1917, Villard got his chance when a Red Cross official visited his college looking for volunteers to drive ambulances in Italy. Many of Villard's friends signed up. Although he knew his family would protest, Villard said, "I couldn't just stand by and let my friends depart." After securing his family's reluctant consent, Villard enlisted and soon headed out for combat duty. Very soon after arriving in Italy, Villard discovered how little he knew about war. "The first person that I put into my ambulance was a man who had just had a grenade explode in his hands." Bomb fragments had severed both of the soldier's legs. As Villard sped from the front lines to the hospital, the wounded soldier kept asking him to drive more slowly. By the time the ambulance reached the hospital, the young man was dead. "This was a kind of cold water treatment for me, to realize all of a sudden what war was like," explained Villard. "And it changed me—I grew up very quickly . . . It was the real world."

49. Ch. 23 SummaryWorld War I was the world's first truly modern war. New inventions and technological advances affected how the war was fought and how it ended. The United States provided soldiers, equipment, and finances, which contributed to the Allied victory. Selective Service Act Before the United States could join the Allies, tens of thousands of troops had to be recruited and trained. As part of this process, Congress passed the Selective Service Act to create a national draft. 369th Regiment Hundreds of thousands of African Americans served in segregated military units during World War I. The all-black 369th Regiment received France's highest military honors for its service in Europe. American Expeditionary Force President Woodrow Wilson and General John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force, insisted that most American troops fight as a force separate from the Allied army. Two million Americans fought in the AEF during the war.

50. Ch. 23 SummaryWorld War I was the world's first truly modern war. New inventions and technological advances affected how the war was fought and how it ended. The United States provided soldiers, equipment, and finances, which contributed to the Allied victory. The land war New weapons made land warfare much deadlier than ever before. The result was trench warfare, a new kind of defensive war. The air war Both sides first used airplanes and airships for observation. Technological improvements allowed them to make specialized planes for bombing and fighting. The sea war Early in the war, ocean combat took place between battleships. The Germans then used U-boats to sink large numbers of ships. To protect merchant ships, the Allies developed a convoy system. Later, the Allies laid a mine barrier across the North Sea and English Channel. Meuse-Argonne Offensive In 1918, close to 1 million U.S. soldiers took part in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Their success helped bring about an armistice with Germany.