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A First Look at Volcanic Ash Detection in the GOES-12 Era

A First Look at Volcanic Ash Detection in the GOES-12 Era. Gary P. Ellrod NOAA/NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Camp Springs, MD Anthony J. Schreiner Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) University of Wisconsin, Madison. Outline.

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A First Look at Volcanic Ash Detection in the GOES-12 Era

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  1. A First Look at Volcanic AshDetection in the GOES-12 Era Gary P. Ellrod NOAA/NESDIS Office of Research and Applications Camp Springs, MD Anthony J. Schreiner Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) University of Wisconsin, Madison AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  2. Outline • Recent changes to GOES Imager • Effects on volcanic ash capability • GOES-12 ash detection algorithm • Soufriere Hills eruptions, July 2003 • Other GOES-12 capabilities • Ash cloud heights using CO2 band • Sulfur Dioxide detection with Sounder AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  3. Activation of GOES-M (12)as Operational East Spacecraft • Occurred as planned on April 1, 2003 • Main changes to GOES-12 Imager: • 12.0mmIR band replaced with8 km resolution 13.3mmband • 6.7mmwater vapor improves to 4 km res. • Only minor changes through GOES-15 (2012) • Resolution of 13.3 mm improves to 4 km AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  4. Study on 12mm Band Loss Impacts Ash can still be detected without 12mm IR Band, but with increased “false alarms” Guagua Pichincha – 5 Oct ’99, 2115 UTC AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  5. Temperature Difference Comparisons (11-13.3 mm) Data from GOES-8 Sounder, 23 Jan 2001 AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  6. MODIS Simulation of GOES-12 Capability 20 December 2000, 0505 UTC

  7. (USGS) GOES-12 Case StudySoufriere Hills Events, 12-15 July 2003 • Soufriere Hills on Montserrat in Eastern Caribbean • Several explosions triggered by massive lava dome collapse • First event tracked via thermal IR only • Subsequent events with multi-spectral IR • Ash clouds to 8-16 km • Dozens of flights cancelled (50 by AA) Soufriere Hills eruption, 13 July 03 (Montserrat Volcano Observatory) AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  8. 15 July 2003 CaseGOES-12 Three Band IR Product

  9. Possible Use of 13.3 mm IR for Volcanic Cloud Height Estimation • “CO2 Analysis Technique” • Estimation of thin cirrus heights with GOES Sounder (Menzel et al 1983) • Imager version uses: • 11 mm Window IR for opaque clouds • 13.3 and 11 mm IR for thin clouds • Washington VAAC evaluation • Compare with wind profile matchups AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  10. GOES-12 Ash Cloud Heights – 14 July 03 14 July 03 / 0845 UTC Cloud Top Product

  11. Maximum Coverage – GOES Cloud Tops GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure

  12. GOES Sounder Capabilities • 18 Infrared Channels + 1 visible band • 7.4 mm water vapor / SO2 channel • 10.7mm“window” IR • 12.0mm“split window” IR • 13.3mmCO2 absorption band • 10 km resolution at nadir • Slow scan rate (50 min CONUS) • Principal uses: temperature and moisture profiling, cloud product & stability images AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  13. VAAC Areas / GOES-East Sounder + Imager Coverage Sounder scan frequencies: Areas 1 & 2 – 1 hr Areas 3 & 4 – 6 hr

  14. Comparisons with GOES-12 Sounder, 15 July 03* Three-band (3.9 mm, 11mm and 13.3 mm) vs Two-Band “Split Window” Imager 3-BandSounder 3-BandSounder 12-11 mm AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  15. Comparisons with GOES-12 Sounder, 14 July 03Three-band (3.9 mm, 11mm and 13.3 mm) vs Two-Band “Split Window” Imager 3-BandSounder 3-BandSounder 12-11 mm AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  16. Upper Level SO2 Detection From Sounder*Using Difference of 7.4 mm and 9.7 or 13.3 mm IR Bands * With Prata (CSIRO), Schreiner & Schmit (CIMSS) AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  17. Summary / Conclusions • Ash cloud detection and tracking from GOES-12 acceptable based on Soufriere Hills events • Ash cloud height estimates based on 13.3 mm band under evaluation • Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) detection also possible from Sounder AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  18. Questions? GOES-12 volcanic ash imagery available on the Web at: http://www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/opdb/aviation/volc.html http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/ AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  19. Eruption on 12 July 2003, 1145 AST AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  20. UW-CIMSS View Angle Effects – GOES-12 Imager IR AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  21. Two Band IR Technique AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

  22. SO2 Absorption Spectra AMS ARAM Conference, Hyannis, MA, 4-8 Oct 2004

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