1 / 21

Poultry History and Industry

Poultry History and Industry. Courtesy of Joshua Daniel, 2014. History of Poultry Domestication. Origin of chicken - Jungle Fowl (Southeast Asia - India) Domestication of chicks in East Asia – 7,500 years ago Earliest record of poultry – 3200 BC in India

spiro
Download Presentation

Poultry History and Industry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Poultry History and Industry Courtesy of Joshua Daniel, 2014

  2. History of Poultry Domestication • Origin of chicken - Jungle Fowl (Southeast Asia - India) • Domestication of chicks in East Asia – 7,500 years ago • Earliest record of poultry – 3200 BC in India • Reason for initial domestication - rooster fighting (1st spectator sport)

  3. Ancient Chinese Egg Incubator Egyptians designed egg incubators Incubated eggs about 100˚F Someone would estimate temperature with skin, worked well Used incubator for chicks to provide heat

  4. Use of Chickens in Early America • Small backyard flocks used for eggs, not meat (may kill 1 or 2 for Sunday dinner) • Women of house tended the flocks • Chickens were a status symbol, breeding was an “in” thing to do

  5. Birth of the Broiler Industry • Cecile (Wilmer) Steele – pioneer of the poultry industry • Ocean View Maryland, 1923 • Ordered 50 baby chicks, but they sent her 500 • Sold them as fryers when they weighed about 2 lbs • By 1926 she had expanded and had approximately 10,000 birds

  6. Infancy of the Broiler Industry • World War II boosted broiler production in the US • Delmarva (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia)– but all the poultry produced was to be sent to armed forces • GA was 2nd with 10 million broilers • Red meat was rationed – poultry was not • Chicken started being a part of everyday diet – not just for Sunday Dinner

  7. Adolescence of the Broiler Industry • After World War II, chicken consumption continued to increase • No longer used “dual purpose” birds, genetic selection was for birds for meat or egg production • The southern states (esp. Georgia) expanded in broiler production

  8. Adolescence of the Broiler Industry Breeding • Vertical integration of the industry made chicken more readily available to consumers • Vertical integration is combining two or more stages of an industry under one management and ownership Hatchery Feedmill Growout Processing

  9. The Poultry Industry Continues to Develop New Value-Added Products Today there are over 3,000 different chicken products on the market Prepared by: Georgia Poultry Federation Source: USDA & National Chicken Council

  10. Growth of the Poultry Industry: • Quick return on money invested Egg Chick Broiler • 21 days(3wks)6-7 wks • sexually mature chicken • (22-24 wks(6 mo)) • 2. Birds are excellent (efficient) at turning grain into meat • 3. Current public perception is that white meat is more healthy (pork uses “the other white meat”) • 4. Research/extension

  11. Feed Conversions Per Pound Product/Animal FCR* Broiler Chickens 1.7-1.9 Eggs 2.0 Beef 6.5 Pork 3.0 *FCR=Feed Conversion Ratio or # of feed required to get 1 lb. of body weight or eggs

  12. Price of Chicken - Affordable

  13. Top 5 chicken producing states • Georgia • Arkansas • Alabama • Mississippi • North Carolina

  14. Industry developed in the south because: • Warm Weather • Close to some grain sources • Cheap housing • Abundant labor • Much cheaper to cool with fans than to heat with gas

  15. If Georgia were a country, it would be the fifth largest in Broiler Production (1,000 metric tons produced in 2006) United States 16,162 China 10,359 Brazil 9,280 Mexico 2,610 GEORGIA2,200 India 2,000 United Kingdom 1,359 France 1,233 Argentina 1,210 Japan 1,199 Prepared by: Georgia Poultry Federation Source: USDA/FAS & FAOSTATS

  16. The Largest Segment of Georgia Agriculture Georgia’s Gigantic Poultry Industry 2006 Farm Cash Receipts -- Percent Total by Commodity Prepared by: Georgia Poultry Federation Source: Georgia Agricultural Statistics Service

  17. Egg production • 30% further processed (cake mixes) • 55% retail (table eggs) • 15% food service (restaurants) • 0.6% exportation The U.S. can produce eggs cheaper than anywhere else in the world Egg Operations: 1975 – 10,000 1999 – 750 Big loss of family farms

  18. Top Ten Broiler Producers by County • $365,082,273 • $303,088,348 • $277,095,800 • $268,252,032 • $256,909,207 • $255,622,922 • $239,385,960 • $222,558,944 • $222,120,427 • $189,984,359 • Franklin • Habersham • Madison • Banks • Jackson • Hart • Hall • Carroll • Colquitt • Gilmer

  19. Hot issues in poultry production: • Animal Welfare • Molting • Crowded houses • Catching, processing, • Anthropomorphism • Environmental Pollution • Ammonia • Phosphorous • Antibiotic use

  20. More is known about nutrition of poultry than any other species, including humans • Vitamin, mineral, and amino acids were discovered with the help of chickens

More Related