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Lantana

Lantana. Lantana camara (L.) Verbenaceae. Biology. Native to West Indies and Africa Hundreds of cultivars developed Worldwide distribution – Americas, Europe Serious pest in Australia, New Zealand and India. Biology. Stems used for paper pulp

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Lantana

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  1. Lantana Lantana camara (L.) Verbenaceae

  2. Biology • Native to West Indies and Africa • Hundreds of cultivars developed • Worldwide distribution – Americas, Europe • Serious pest in Australia, New Zealand and India

  3. Biology • Stems used for paper pulp • Bark used as an astringent and lotion in leprous ulcers & other skin eruptions • Leaves boiled and applied for swellings and pain • Alkaloids from the plant can be used to lower blood pressure

  4. Background Economic Uses • Cultivated extensively as an landscape species • Showy flowers • Also used as a hedge

  5. Distribution • Found throughout much of Florida • Commonly found along roadways and disturbed areas, forest edges, pastures • Frequently found in abandoned citrus groves • Isolated infestations in other areas including Georgia, Texas, California and Hawaii

  6. Lantana Distribution in Florida

  7. Impacts • Category 1 invasive species (FLEPPC) • Decreases productivity in pastures • Toxic to cattle and other grazing animals • Allelopathic – inhibits growth of other plants thru exudation of chemicals • Invades natural areas, outcompetes native species • Readily hybridize with native Lantana

  8. Identification

  9. Mature Plant • Perennial shrub, can be erect growing or prostrate • Often highly branched, creating a dense hedge

  10. Leaves • Oppositely arranged • Ovate shape with serrate margins • Aromatic when crushed • Rough, sandpaper-like texture

  11. Flowers and Fruit • Flowering occurs year-round • Borne in clusters at tip of stem • Change color after pollination • Fruit are small and dark purple

  12. Seed • Prolific seed producer • 12,000 fruits per plant • Seed germination is normally low • Dispersal via birds and other animals • Passage through animal digestive system increases germination rate

  13. Management Preventative Cultural Mechanical Biological Chemical

  14. Preventative • Limit planting as an ornamental • Remove existing plants, including resprouts and before seeds are produced • Rouge out plants in abandoned areas

  15. Cultural • Alternative landscape plants to replace lantana • Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with lantana • Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce establishment

  16. Biological • Several under consideration in Florida, but release is controversial due to landscape popularity • 20+ biocontrol agents released In Hawaii with varying results • Most effective agents are: • Defoliating caterpillar Hypena strigata • Seed-destroying fly Ophiomyia lantanae • Lace bug Teleonemia scrupulosa

  17. Mechanical • Hand pull young seedlings, including all roots, repeated pulling for resprouts • Mowing is effective, but must be repeated • Heavy equipment such as bulldozers or stickraking is effective, especially if coupled with fire – retreatment needed

  18. Chemical - Foliar • Broadcast applications for large areas • Glyphosate is only marginally effective • Fluroxypyr + aminopyralid good, but need to be repeated after 6 months • Spot treatment for smaller areas • Glyphosate – 2 to 3% solution • Imazapyr – 0.5 to 1% solution • Use surfactant at 0.25%

  19. Chemical - Basal • Individual plants, near desirable species • Use 25% fluroxypyr or 10% imazapyr solution with basal oil • Wet stems thoroughly for good control, spray until run-off is noticeable at ground • Mowing and applying to cut stems is most cost-effective

  20. Useful Links Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk: http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html

  21. Useful Links Lantana camara (Fankatavinakoho, Fotatra, lantana, Mandadrieko, Rajejeka, Radredreka, Ramity) (in press) In Goodman S.M. and J.P. Benstead (Eds) The natural history of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. http://members.lycos.co.uk/WoodyPlantEcology/docs/mad-lanta.RTF Mount Morgan Council Homepage: http://www.mountmorgan.com/lantana.html

  22. Literature Cited Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp.

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