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Closing with the Enemy Company Team Maneuver

Closing with the Enemy Company Team Maneuver. 1. IDENTIFY TACTICAL PROBLEMS CO/TMs HAVE WHILE IN DIRECT FIRECONTACT WITH ENEMY FORCES. 2. RECOMMEND SPECIFIC TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES. 3. RECOMMEND SPECIFIC TRAINING METHODS TO IMPROVE THE EXECUTION OF THE TTPs. PURPOSE.

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Closing with the Enemy Company Team Maneuver

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  1. Closing with the Enemy Company Team Maneuver

  2. 1. IDENTIFY TACTICAL PROBLEMS CO/TMs HAVE WHILE IN DIRECT FIRECONTACT WITH ENEMY FORCES. 2. RECOMMEND SPECIFIC TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES. 3. RECOMMEND SPECIFIC TRAINING METHODS TO IMPROVE THE EXECUTION OF THE TTPs. PURPOSE

  3. PURPOSE MISSION OF THE MECHANIZED OR ARMOR CO/TM OBSERVATIONS BATTLE SPACE CO/TM MANEUVER KEY DOCTRINE HOW TO TRAIN CONCLUSION AGENDA

  4. MISSION

  5. THE FUNDAMENTAL MISSION OF THE TANK PLATOON [COMPANY] IS TO CLOSE WITH AND DESTROY THE ENEMY P. 1-1, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON, NOVEMBER 1995 THE MISSION OF THE MECHANIZED INFANTRY IS TO CLOSE WITH THE ENEMY BY MEANS OF FIRE AND MANEUVER TO DEFEAT OR CAPTURE HIM OR TO REPEL HIS ASSAULT BY FIRE, CLOSE COMBAT, AND COUNTERATTACK P. 1-1, FM 7-7J, MECHANIZED INFANTRY PLATOON AND SQUAD (BRADLEY), MAY 1993 MISSION

  6. MECHANIZED INFANTRYMEN AND TANKERS MUST CLOSE WITH THE ENEMY TO PERFORM THEIR DOCTRINAL MISSION KEY ISSUE INFANTRYMEN AND TANKERS KILL WITH DIRECT FIRE!

  7. KEY QUESTION • HOW DO WE • KILL • WITHOUT BEING • KILLED?

  8. NO-MAN’S LAND MAY BE DEFINED AS THE ZONE BETWEEN THE FORWARD EDGES OF THE TWO ARMIES WHICH ARE LOCKED IN COMBAT AGAINST EACH OTHER. IT IS USUALLY AN UNINHABITED AND DESOLATE PLACE IN ITSELF; BUT ON EITHER SIDE OF IT THERE WILL BE BODIES OF ARMED AND FRIGHTENED MEN WHO ARE FIGHTING FOR THEIR LIVES. THESE BODIES WILL FREQUENTLY EXCHANGE SHOTS AT LONG RANGE, AND MAY FROM TIME TO TIME ATTEMPT A FORWARD MOVEMENT TO FINISH OFF THEIR OPPONENTS AT CLOSE QUARTERS. THE OUTCOME OF THE GREATER CONFLICT WILL USUALLY REVOLVE AROUND THE SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF A MULTITUDE OF SUCH ATTACKS. IF THE DEFENDERS CAN BY AND LARGE KEEP THEIR PERIMETERS INVIOLATE THEY WILL TRIUMPH. IF THEY FAIL, THEN THE ATTACKERS WILL BE FREE TO MOVE ON TO FRESH VICTORIES FURTHER AFIELD. IT IS THUS THE STRUGGLE FOR NO-MAN’S-LAND WHICH DETERMINES THE SHAPE OF THE BATTLE AS A WHOLE. PADDY GRIFFITH, SENIOR LECTURER ON WAR STUDIES AT THE ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY, SANDHURST. (P.3, FORWARDINTOBATTLE, 1990) WHAT’S AT STAKE ?

  9. OBSERVATIONS

  10. CO/TMs EXECUTE MANEUVER POORLY CO/TMs ARE NOT LETHAL CO/TMs ARE NOT SURVIVABLE CO/TMs ARE NOT ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY SET AND CHANGE THE CONDITIONS OF THE BATTLE BY ACTION (INITIATIVE) CO/TMs, AS A RESULT, ARE NOT ABLE TO ACHIEVE ASSIGNEDTASKSANDPURPOSES OBSERVATIONS

  11. CO/TM ARE NOT SURVIVABLE

  12. Reconnoiter Gain visual contact with the enemy before the enemy initiates physical contact Use cover and concealment Kill or suppress with fires Aggressively move to exploit the effects of fires Choose the best formation, movement technique, and rate of movement for the situation Control “set-move” drills Secure flanks and rear CO/TMs DO NOT EFFECTIVELY

  13. BATTLE SPACE

  14. BATTLE SPACE IS THE CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL VOLUME IN WHICH THE COMMANDER SEEKS TO DOMINATE THE ENEMY. IT EXPANDS AND CONTRACTS IN RELATION TO THE COMMANDER’S ABILITY TO ACQUIRE AND ENGAGE THE ENEMY.... P. 4-4, FM 100-40, TACTICS (INITIAL DRAFT), MARCH 1996. AT THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL, BATTLE SPACE IS THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL AREA IN WHICH THE PLATOON CAN ACQUIRE ENEMY FORCES AND INFLUENCE THEM WITH EFFECTIVE FIRE.... P. 2-19, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON, NOVEMBER 1995. BATTLE SPACE

  15. THE ENEMY HAS BATTLESPACE TOO ! DANGEROUS AREA!

  16. MANEUVER

  17. 1. BOTH A PRINCIPLE OF WAR AND A DOCTRINAL TERM. 2. PRINCIPLE OF WAR: “PLACE THE ENEMY IN A POSITION OF DISADVANTAGE THROUGH THE FLEXIBLE APPLICATION OF COMBAT POWER” P. 2-5, FM 100-5, OPERATIONS, JUNE 1993 3. DOCTRINAL TERM: “THE EMPLOYMENT OF FORCES ON THE BATTLEFIELD THROUGH MOVEMENT OF COMBAT FORCES, IN RELATION TO THE ENEMY, SUPPORTED BY FIRE, OR FIRE POTENTIAL FROM ALL SOURCES, TO GAIN POTENTIAL ADVANTAGE, FROM WHICH TO DESTROY OR THREATEN DESTRUCTION OF THE ENEMY IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH THE MISSION” P. 1-173, FM 101-5-1, OPERATIONAL TERMS AND GRAPHICS, FINAL DRAFT, JULY 1995 MANEUVER

  18. MANEUVER SEE THE ENEMY ACTIONS ON CONTACT FIRE AND MOVEMENT / GENERAL PATTON’S “TWO-WAY ATTACK” USE TERRAIN SECURITY MAINTAIN CONTACT AT ALL ECHELONS COMBINED ARMS COMPANY TEAMMANEUVER

  19. SEEING THE ENEMY

  20. QUICKLY ORIENT SOLDIERS SO THEY CAN USE THEIR PRECISION DIRECT FIRE WEAPONS TO KILL AND/ OR SUPPRESS TARGET ACQUISITION TO KILL SEE TO KILL

  21. RECON TO GET INFORMATION TO DETERMINE THE BEST WAY TO MANEUVER , MASS, AND DESTROY. SEE TO MANEUVER GUIDONS BATTLE ORDERS!

  22. SEE THE ENEMY “VISUALIZE THE ENEMY” “SEEK VISUAL CONTACT” IPB “SEE THE ENEMY” RECONNAISSANCE TARGET ACQUISITION & ACTIONS ON CONTACT (EXECUTE DIRECT FIRE) “KILL THE EMEMY” ACTIONS ON THE OBJECTIVE (EXECUTE DIRECT FIRE)

  23. WHAT INFORMATION ABOUT THE ENEMY MUST I HAVE? IDEA

  24. COA DEVELOPMENT SURVEILLANCE PLAN RECONNAISSANCE PLAN SECURITY PLAN ID OF MANEUVER OPTION IPB: ”HYPOTHETICAL BEST GUESS” SUPPORTS:

  25. RECONNAISSANCE (ABOUT THE ENEMY & TERRAIN) • “RECONNAISSANCE IS A MISSION UNDERTAKEN TO OBTAIN INFORMATION…. RECONNAISSANCE PRODUCES COMBAT INFORMATION …. IT IS PERFORMED BEFORE AND DURING OTHER COMBAT OPERATIONS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION USED BY THE COMMANDER TO CONFIRM OR MODIFY HIS CONCEPT.” • P. 3-1, FM 17-97, CAVALRY TROOP, OCTOBER 1995 • “RECONNAISSANCE IS A MISSION NOT A FORCE”

  26. WE MUST PLAN TO SEE THE ENEMY TO BE ABLE TO KILL IPB RECONNAISSANCE TARGET ACQUISITION LETHAL DIRECT FIRE 26

  27. CONFIRMATION / DENIAL OF IPB COMBAT DECISION MAKING FRAGO’S MANEUVER SECURITY TARGET ACQUISITION/ LETHAL DIRECT FIRE RECONNAISSANCE SUPPORTS:

  28. CO/TM RECONNAISSANCE • “MANY TANKS ARE LOST THROUGH THE FAILURE OF THE CREWS OR THE PLATOON LEADER TO MAKE A FOOT RECONNAISSANCE. PEOPLE GET VEHICLE BOUND AND NEVER DISMOUNT. BEFORE EXPOSING A VALUABLE TANK AND THE LIVES OF ITS CREW TO THE DANGER OF DESTRUCTION BY CROSSING AN UNRECONNOITERED SKYLINE OR EMERGING FROM COVER, A FOOT RECONNAISSANCE WITH GLASSES SHOULD BE MADE. HERE AGAIN WE HAVE THE QUESTION OF HASTE AND SPEED. IT MAY SEEM A WASTE OF TIME TO TAKE A LOOK, BUT IT IS CERTAIN DEATH TO GET ON THE FRONT SLOPE WITHIN EFFECTIVE RANGE OF UNDISCOVERED ANTI-TANK [WEAPONS] OR LURKING ENEMY TANKS.” • GEN. PATTON, 20 MAY 1944.

  29. SECTION AND PLATOON SURVEILLANCE

  30. SECTIONSURVEILLANCE

  31. SECTIONSURVEILLANCE

  32. “THE TARGET ACQUISITION PROCESS IS A SERIES OF PROGRESSIVE AND INTERRELATED STEPS BY WHICH A CREW OR SQUAD ACQUIRES TARGETS ON THE BATTLEFIELD. IT IS A CONTINUING REQUIREMENT FOR ALL CREWS OR SQUAD MEMBERS, WHETHER ... MOVING, STATIONARY, MOUNTED OR DISMOUNTED....” P. 3-33, FM 17-98, THE SCOUT PLATOON, SEPTEMBER 1994 TARGET ACQUISITION

  33. OUR “KILLERS” ON THE ENEMY SEARCH TECHNIQUES TARGET ACQUISITION FOCUSES: SUPPORTS: • LETHAL DIRECT FIRES 31

  34. CREW OR SQUAD SEARCH (OBSERVATION) DETECTION LOCATION IDENTIFICATION CLASSIFICATION CONFIRMATION TARGET ACQUISITION(SIX STEPS)

  35. GROUND SEARCH; RAPID SCAN SLOW (50M) SCAN DETAILED SEARCH AIR SEARCH OFF-CENTER VISION FM 17-98, SCOUT PLATOON FM 17-21-1, TANK GUNNERY, VOL 1 FM 23-1, BRADLEY GUNNERY TARGET ACQUISITION(SEARCH TECHNIQUES)

  36. CREW TARGET ACQUISITION (CREW SEARCH)

  37. CREW TARGET ACQUISITION (CREW SEARCH)

  38. MOVEMENT DUST MUZZLE BLAST MUNITIONS EFFECTS; TRACERS, BLAST, DUST, ECT. ANGULAR / UNNATURAL SHAPES OR SILHOUETTES REFLECTIONS FROM OPTICS, GLASS, METAL ANTENNA TIPS EXHAUST PLUMES SPOIL FROM FIGHTING POSITIONS OR OBSTACLES (OFF COLOR SOIL) OBSTACLES GARBAGE HOT SPOTS NOISE: TRACKS, ENGINES, WEAPONS REPORTS, METAL ON METAL, ROTORS, ECT. DISTURBED VEGETATION TRACK MARKS / FOOT PRINTS DETECTION

  39. VISUAL CONTACT (FRIENDLY ELEMENTS MAY NOT BE OBSERVED BY THE ENEMY) PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH A SUPERIOR, INFERIOR, OR UNKNOWN ENEMY INDIRECT FIRE CONTACT CONTACT WITH OBSTACLE OF ENEMY OR UNKNOWN ORIGIN CONTACT WITH ENEMY OR UNKNOWN AIRCRAFT SITUATION INVOLVING NBC CONDITIONS SITUATION INVOLVING ELECTRONIC WARFARE TACTICS P. 3-21, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON, NOVEMBER 1995. CONTACT(SEVEN TYPES)

  40. ENEMY IS OBSERVED DIRECT OR INDIRECT FIRES ARE OBSERVED OR RECEIVED SITUATIONS THAT REQUIRE ACTIVE OR PASSIVE RESPONSES TO THE ENEMY ARE ENCOUNTERED THE CHAIN OF COMMAND OR ADJACENT UNIT REPORTS CONTACT CONTACT OCCURS WHEN

  41. ACTIONS ON CONTACT

  42. “ACTIONS ON CONTACT” AND “BATTLE DRILLS” CONTACT TRIGGERS

  43. DEPLOY AND REPORT EVALUATE / DEVELOP THE SITUATION CHOOSE A COURSE OF ACTION RECOMMEND / EXECUTE A COURSE OF ACTION P. 3-20, FM 17-15, TANK PLATOON, NOVEMBER 1995 ACTIONS ON CONTACT

  44. IDENTIFY TYPE OF CONTACT VISUAL DIRECT FIRE INDIRECT FIRE / CAS E W MINES / OBSTACLES DEPLOY TO COVERED TERRAIN WITH GOOD OBSERVATION / FIELDS OF FIRE SPOT REPORT DEPLOY AND REPORT SUPERIOR OR INFERIOR FORCE

  45. DEFINE CONTACT BY RECONNAISSANCE (MOUNTED, DISMOUNTED, AND FIRE) IDENTIFY SIZE, COMPOSITION, ACTIVITY, AND ORIENTATION OF ENEMY FORCES IDENTIFY OBSTACLES AND KILL SACKS IDENTIFY FLANKS USE FIRE (DIRECT / INDIRECT) TO SUPPORT RECON SPOT REPORT DEVELOP THE SITUATION

  46. C O A, MUST BE WITHIN HIGHER INTENT / PURPOSE C O A, MUST BE WITHIN CAPABILITIES OF UNIT IN CONTACT SPOT REPORTS DEVELOP / CHOOSE ACOURSE OF ACTION

  47. BREAK CONTACT AND BYPASS MAINTAIN CONTACT AND BYPASS MAINTAIN CONTACT TO SUPPORT HASTY ATTACK CONDUCT A HASTY ATTACK ESTABLISH A HASTY DEFENSE CHOOSE A COURSEOF ACTION

  48. RECOMMEND C O A TO HIGHER HIGHER APPROVES EXECUTE C O A RECOMMEND / EXECUTECOURSE OF ACTION

  49. TARGET ACQUISITION AND ACTIONS ON CONTACT THESE ARE INTERRELATED, MUTUALLY SUPPORTING PROCESSES. WHEN A [SOLDIER] DETECTS AN ENEMY FORCE OR A SIGNATURE INDICATING THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF AN ENEMY FORCE. HE MUST QUICKLY COMPLETE THE STEPS OF BOTH PROCESSES SIMULTANEOUSLY. FOR EXAMPLE, THE [SOLDIER] CANNOT SEND AN ACCURATE SPOT REPORT, WHICH IS A SUBTASK OF ACTIONS ON CONTACT, UNLESS HE HAS LOCATED THE TARGET, A SUBTASK OF TARGET ACQUISITION.

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