Demystifying Tobacco

1. Demystifying Tobacco By: Kaylee, Isabella & Krystal

2. Topics • All about tobacco • Ingredients in Tobacco • Tobacco Products • Brand Types • What is chewing tobacco • Chewing Tobacco Effects • Long and Short term effects of Tobacco • The Body Recovering After Your Last Cigarette • Second Hand Smoke • Tobacco Use with Teens • Smoke Free Ontario Act • Youth Action Alliance • Product Placement • Smoking Prevalence in Canada • Statistics

3. What is Tobacco? • Tobacco is an agricultural crop that is used to make cigarettes. It is dried and processed, then either placed into cigarettes and processed, or manufactured for chewing tobacco. • Tobacco is very well known for stimulating your nervous system which targets complex biochemical and neurotransmitter disruptions. • Nicotine is the most addictive chemical in cigarettes which is why we become addicted immediately after consuming tobacco, this is what causes the habit of smoking.

4. Ingredients in Tobacco There are over 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes. Some of which you may recognize are: • Acetic Acid  vinegar • Acetone nail polish remover • Ammonia  floor/toilet cleaner • Arsenic  rat poison • Butane  cigarette lighter fluid • Cadmium  rechargeable batteries • Carbon Monoxide  car exhaust fumes • DDT/Deildrin  insecticides • Ethanol  alcohol • Napthalene  mothballs

5. Tobacco Products The following are others forms of tobacco that are available: • Cigarettes • Pipes • Cigars • Chewing Tobacco

6. Cigarettes • A small roll of finely cut tobacco for smoking, enclosed in a wrapper of thin paper • Approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced worldwide each year

7. Brand Types There are thousands of brands of cigarettes, which is why is it nearly impossible to resist the temptation of this addictive habit. The following are the most common brands: • Kent • Marlboro • Camel

8. Pipes • Tobacco used in pipes is carefully treated and blended to preserve the flavour, unlike in other forms of tobacco • This is a smoking device made from dense grained wood

9. Cigars • A compacted roll of dried and fermented tobacco • Cigar tobacco is most commonly grown in Brazil, Cuba & Dominican Republic

10. Chewing Tobacco • Smokeless tobacco, also called spit tobacco, chewing tobacco, chew, chaw, dip and plug, comes in two forms: • Snuff is a fine grain tobacco that is manufactured in teabag like pouches that users "pinch" or "dip" between their lower lip and gum. • Chewing tobacco comes in shredded, twisted, or "bricked" tobacco leaves that users put between their cheek and gum.

11. Chewing Tobacco Facts… • As many as 20% of high school males and 2% of females use smokeless tobacco, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These numbers are still rising in the US as well as Canada. • Of the 12 to 14 million American users, one third are under the age of 21, and more than half of those developed the habit before they were 13. Peer pressure is just one of the reasons for starting the habit. • Another cause of teens starting to use chewing tobacco is the pressure of chewing tobacco and sports. Teens today are led to believe that being a good baseball, or hockey player is a result from the chewing tobacco, which they believe to have enhanced their athletic performance. • This however is false, there is no proof that shows that chewing tobacco can enhance your athletic performance. On the contrary the short and long term effects of chewing tobacco prove to ruin your performance.

12. Chewing Tobacco Effects • Chewing tobacco increases your chance of getting oral cancer compared to other forms of cancers. • Leukoplakia – when you hold tobacco in one place in your mouth, your mouth becomes irritated by the tobacco juice. This causes a white, leathery like patch to form. They are also considered pre-cancerous. • Gum and Tooth Disease – spit tobacco permanently discolours teeth, and causes halitosis (bad breath). It is in direct and repeated contact with the gums, which causes them to recede (teeth to fall out.) Spit tobacco contains a lot of sugar and when mixed with the plaque on your teeth, forms acid which eats away at tooth enamel and results in cavities, and chronic painful sores.

13. Dangers of Tobacco Use…Short Term Effects • Addiction to nicotine • Receding gums and permanent gum loss • Sensitive teeth • Tooth decay • Sores, patches, and lumps in mouth • Bad breath and bad taste in mouth • Excess saliva production, or drooling • Smelly hair and clothes • Stains on clothing • Yellow or brown stains on teeth • Increased likelihood of drug use and risky behaviour • Chronic cough

14. Dangers of Tobacco Use Short Term Effects Cont’d… • New smokers can experience coughing, dizziness and a dry, irritated throat. As well as nausea, weakness, abdominal cramps, headache, coughing or gagging. These effects occur because the user is developing a tolerance to nicotine. • Physiological effects are the following: an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, and constriction of blood vessels which will result in a lower skin temperature in hands and feet.

15. Dangers of Tobacco Use Long Term Effects • Heart Problems • hypertension (high blood pressure) • blocked blood vessels • heart attacks • weakened pumping of the heart • narrow arteries result in an heart attack or death • recuced bloodflow to the brain may cause strokes • Cancers  Lung • Upper respiratory tract • Cervical • Larynx • mouth • Throat • pancreas • kidney • Bladder • stomach cancer (mainly found in tobacco chewing users Normal Lung Cancerous Lung

16. Dangers of Tobacco Use Long Term Effects Cont’d… • Lung Disease  chronic bronchitis • changing the size and shape of the airways of the lungs • enlarging the mucous glands • coughing and production of excess phlegm • Emphysema • increase in the size of the air spaces which increases susceptibility to infection • Other Health Problems • reproductive damage (abnormal sperm cells in men, menstrual disorders, early menopause, and difficulty maintaining pregnancy in women) • Smoking during a pregency can lead to miscarriage, low birth weight, premature birth, or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) • Prematurely wrinkled skin • Gum and tooth loss • Lost or weakened sense of taste and smell • Weakened immune system • Stomach ulcers • Unwanted weight fluctuation

17. The Body Recovering After Your Last Cigarette.. • 20 Minutes After Last Cigarette  Blood Pressure drops to normal  Pulse rate drops to normal rate  Body Temperature of hands, feet increases to normal • 8 Hours  Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal  Oxygen level in blood increases to normal • 24 Hours  Chances of heart attack decreases • 48 Hours  Nerve endings start to regrow  Ability to smell and taste is enhanced • 72 Hours  Bronchial tubes relax making breathing easier  Lung capacity increases

18. The Body Recovering After YourLast Cigarette Cont’d… • 2 weeks  Circulation improves  Walking becomes easier  Lung function increases up to 30% • 1 – 9 months  Coughing and congestion fatigue, shortness of breath decreases  Body’s overall energy level increases  Cilia regrow in lungs, increasing ability to handle mucus,lean lungs, reduce infection • 5 years  Lung cancer death rate for average smoker (one pack a day) decreases from 137 per 100 000 people to 72 per 100 000 • 10 years  Lung cancer death rate for average smoker drops to 12 deaths per 100 000 –almost the rate of nonsmokers  Precancerous cells are replaced  Other Cancers – such as those of the mouth, larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas- decreases (there are 30 chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer)

19. Second Hand Smoke… • Second-hand smoke is made up of the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette or pipe, and the smoke that is blown into the air by the person smoking. • Second-hand smoke has over 4,000 chemicals • Two thirds of the smoke from a cigarette is not inhaled by the smoker, but enters the air around the smoker. • Second-hand smoke has at least twice the amount of nicotine and tar as the smoke inhaled by the smoker. • It has five times the amount of carbon monoxide, which is a gas that takes the oxygen from the blood. • More than 300 non-smokers in Canada die each year from lung cancer caused by breathing someone else's smoke.

20. Video • http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/tobac-tabac/res/media/camp/ghost-vid-spectre_e.html * Click the Hyperlink to view the video on Second Hand Smoke *

21. Tobacco Use in Teens… • Each day, between 82,000 and 99,000 young people around the world start smoking. • Several reason why a teen would start to smoke: - "My friends smoke." - “I just wanted to try it." - "I thought it was cool." - "My parents smoke." • One of the major reasons teens begin to smoke is peer influence. More then 70% of teens say that having friends who smoke and/or peer pressure is the number one reason for starting to smoke. As well as the media, it targets teens the most. Several ways that they target teens is by: • Cartoon character mascots • Promotional offers • Shifting the blame on youth instead of themselves (the media) • Making tobacco look cool • Showing tobacco use as an "adult" activity (in movies, television, etc. )

22. Smoke Free Ontario Act • The Smoke Free Ontario Act came into effect on May 31, 2006. • The act bans smoking in all enclosed public places and workplaces. This includes restaurants, bars, schools, private clubs, sports arenas, entertainment venues, work vehicles and offices. It also bans smoking on any outdoor patio covered by a roof. • Toughens laws and fines on tobacco sales to minors • Restricts the display of tobacco products in retail outlets, with a complete ban on powerwall ( the display of cigarette products behind the convenience store counter) displays of tobacco products by May 31, 2008.

23. Youth Action Alliance.. What is a Youth Action Alliance? A YAA is a youth led initiative program funded by the government of Ontario. As of May 31st, 2006 all of Ontario went completely smoke free. With this came the youth helping youth initiative. The YAA’s are groups of youth from the ages of 15-19 years old that plan anti- tobacco events for there community to help their fellow youth to either quit smoking or not to start. Where can you find them? There are YAA in every city in Ontario such as: •  Kitchener & Waterloo  Kingston  Ottawa • Cambridge  Brampton  Branford • Peel  Niagra Falls  Guelph • Toronto  Fergus  Sudbury

24. Youth Action Alliance Cont’d… TOXIK • This is the YAA for the Kitchener – Waterloo area. They have planned events for the community such as: • Smoke free movie nights • Middle school presentations • Sidewalk chalking • Poster blitz campaign • R.I.P Big Tobacco March • Breath Strong March • and they have more events in the works • How can you get involved with TOXIK? If you would like to volunteer your time or learn more about the program, the Smoke Free Ontario Act, or tobacco you can contact the Region of Waterloo Public Health Department.

25. Product Placement Power Walls • If you’ve been in a corner store or gas station you have likely been greeted with a wall of tobacco products with upwards of 1,000-2,000 packages of cigarettes on display. • These retail displays are called power walls because they are such a powerful marketing tool. And they’re the tobacco industry's last remaining retail direct to consumer form of advertising which acts like a giant billboard to attract youth, attract former smokers and encourage impulse buyers. • In May of 2008 these power walls must be taken down. This was not included in the Smoke Free Ontario Act in May of 2006. The two-year delay in the ban on power walls gives the tobacco industry more time to attract young people to take up smoking – a habit we all know is easy to start, very difficult to quit and which kills one of every two long-term users.

26. Power Placement Cont’d… Movies • In 2002, 2004, 2005, and again in 2006, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention named tobacco in the movies a major factor in teen smoking. The research explains why: • Nonsmoking teens whose favorite stars frequently smoke on screen are sixteen times more likely to have positive attitudes about smoking in the future. • Smoking in movies is the most powerful pro-tobacco influence on kids today, accounting for 52% of adolescents who start smoking, an effect even stronger than cigarette advertising. • More important, exposure to smoking in the movies quadrupled the chance that nonsmokers’ kids would start.

27. Product Placement Cont’d.. Movies • Big Tobacco marketing experts and independent researchers agree. Movie stories with charismatic actors are a powerful way to attract new smokers and keep current smokers. • That's why TV advertising of tobacco brands was banned in 1970. Tobacco companies turned to Hollywood to place their brands on screen without the audience knowing. Today, movies that show a tobacco brand are also more likely to include smoking in their TV ads, undercutting the 1970 ban.

28. Product Placement Cont’d Movies • From 1990 to 2005, at least 148 U.S. motion pictures have displayed tobacco brands. Altogether, these brands often in the hands of stars have been seen at least 1.8 billion times in theaters and at least twice that often on video. Seventy-five percent of the time, the brands belonged to Philip Morris. Seven out of ten times, the brand on display was Marlboro.

29. Age 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Smoking prevalence by age group for 1999 to 2003 15+ 23% 23% 20% 20% 20% 15-19 25% 25% 19% 19% 14% 20-24 34% 28% 31% 29% 30% Smoking Prevalence in Canada 1993-2003 • Aged 15 and older decreased from 23 per cent in 1999 to 20 per cent in 2003. • Aged 15-19 peaked in the mid- to late-90’s with a high of 28 per cent. Within the past five years, decreased 25 per cent in 1999 to 14 per cent in 2003. • Aged 20-24 higher among young adults aged 20 to 24 years than any other age group. In 1999, 34 per cent and in 2003, 30 per cent.

30. Statistics • A person dies every 10 seconds from tobacco-related causes • The average smoker begins by age 15, and is a daily smoker by age 18 • 34% of middle school students have tried cigarettes, and 11% have smoked at least one cigarette in the past month. • 56% of the current middle school smokers have tried to quit in the past year. • 63% of high school students have tried cigarettes sometime in their life, and 26% have smoked a cigarette in the past month. • 61% of high school smokers have tried to quit in the past year. • Almost 20 per cent of Canadian teens (aged 12-19) currently smoke (daily or occasionally). • Tobacco costs the global economy $200 billion (US) each year. • If you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, that costs $10 a day, $70 a week and about $3,650 a year

31. Facts This graph illustrates Canadian Tobacco Use in 2006, for those who have even been a smoker.

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