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Understanding the 6 Basic Nutrients and Their Importance in Nutrition

Learn about the 6 basic nutrients - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water - and how they affect your health. Discover the role each nutrient plays in the body and the importance of proper nutrition.

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Understanding the 6 Basic Nutrients and Their Importance in Nutrition

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  1. Matching…Bell Ringer Word Definition Inorganic substances that the body cannot manufacture, but that act as catalyst, regulating many vital body processes. provide you with substances you need to grow & develop compounds that help regulate many vital body processes the starches & sugars found in food nutrient that helps build and maintain body tissues a natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies 1. Nutrients 2. Carbohydrate 3. Proteins 4. Fats 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals

  2. Vocab • Minerals- Inorganic substances that the body cannot manufacture, but that act as catalyst, regulating many vital body processes. • Nutrients- provide you with substances you need to grow & develop • Vitamins- compounds that help regulate many vital body processes • Carbohydrates- the starches & sugars found in food • Proteins- nutrient that helps build and maintain body tissues • Fats- a natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies

  3. Nutrition

  4. OBJECTIVES • Students will know the 6 basic nutrients. • Students will understand how proper nutrition affects the health triangle. • Students will be able to explain and describe what each basic nutrient does for the body.

  5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiOBhgxdhYo

  6. Why do You Eat?The body has a physical need for food. Many peoples eating habits are ruled by their appetite. Your eating habits stem from both a physical need for food and a psychological desire. Learning to recognize the difference helps you make more healthy food choices. • Physical Need • Hunger- natural drive which protects you from starvation • When your stomach is empty, its walls contract stimulating nerve ending…THIS IS WHY YOUR STOMACH GROWLS.

  7. DESIRE FOR FOOD • Desirefor food is called appetite • Appetite is desired– rather than a need. - Appetite is learned-shaped by emotions & environment. -Most people eat past the point of feeling full because their appetite continues to be stimulated after their hunger has been satisfied

  8. NUTRITION THROUGHOUT LIFE 1. Nutrition-process by which the body takes in & uses food. a. nutrients in food provide you with substances you need to grow & develop. 1.enables you to have energy, feel & look your best, and stay mentally alert. 2.Prevents chronic diseases-heart disease, stroke, cancers, and diabetes. b. Calories- A unit of energy.

  9. BMR- Basal Metabolic Rate • The number of calories you'd burn if you stayed in bed all day or did not move. • The rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going, such as breathing and keeping warm. •  a regular routine of cardiovascular exercise can increase your BMR, improving your health and fitness when your body's ability to burn energy gradually slows down (when you get old).

  10. 6 Basic Nutrients • Carbohydrates • Fats • Protein • Vitamins • Minerals • Water

  11. Carbohydrates- the starches and sugars found in food. • Body’s preferred source of energy • 4 calories per gram of carb. • 2TYPES OF CARBS: • Simple- Present in fruits, some veggies and milk. • fructose (fruit) • Sucrose (table sugar) • lactose (dairy products) • Candy, soda, cookies, jelly • Complex- Starches-made from sugars linked together. • Rice, pasta, grain, seeds • Potatoes and yams • During digestion starches break down into sugars

  12. Fiber- special form of complex carb that aids in digestion. • Helps waste move through the body • Prevents constipation & appendicitis • Cannot be digested • Whole grain breads, vegetables, fruits and seeds

  13. Protein- nutrient that helps build and maintain body tissues • Builds the framework of your body, including muscles, organs, bones, and connective tissues. • In the form of enzymes, it helps your body digest food. • As a hormone, it tells your body when to use food as energy and when to store it as fat. • It transports oxygen through your blood to your muscles and organs. • As an antibody, it protects you from illness when viruses and bacteria attack.

  14. 3. • FATS ARE THE MOST CONCENTRATED ENERGY FORM AVAILABLE. IT DELIVERS 2 TIMES THE ENERGY OF CARBS OR PROTEIN (9 CALORIES FOR EVERY GRAM OF FAT) • Lipids- fatty substance that does not break down in water FAT

  15. 2 Types of Fat 1. Saturated Fat- BAD FAT 2. Unsaturated Fat- GOOD FAT

  16. Saturated Fat: BAD!!! • Solid at room temp. • Animal Fat (beef, pork, egg yolks, dairy foods) • Solid at room temp. (ex. animal fat, butter) • Tropical oils- (ex. Palm or Coconut) • Butter and shortening • High intake increases your chance of heart attack/ disease • Tend to be stored rather than burned

  17. GOOD FAT- Unsaturated Fat • Liquid at room temp. • Vegetable • olive oils • margarine

  18. CHOLESTROL • Cholesterol- fatlike substance produced in liver of all animals- found only in foods of animal origins. • Causes heart and other circulatory diseases.

  19. Vitamins • Compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including digestion, absorption, and metabolism • 2 TYPES OF VITAMINS • Water soluble- can’t be stored (ex. C and B) • Fat soluble- stored in fat (ex. A,D,E, & K)

  20. Water Soluble Vitamins • Dissolve in water and pass easily through the bloodstream • Vitamin C and all B vitamins • Cannot be stored, but taken in daily. Excess are secreted in urine.

  21. FAT SOLUABLE VITAMINS • Dissolve in fatty materials • Vitamins A, D, E, and K • Stored in the body’s fat tissue • Occurs naturally in foods. • Vegetable oil • Liver • Eggs

  22. Minerals • Inorganic substances that the body can’t manufacture, but act as a catalyst, regulating many vital body functions • Body requires some in large amounts and others as trace minerals (tiny amounts) • Important when growth is rapid as teens • Essential for hemoglobin • Iron • Iodine • copper

  23. Most important mineral=Calcium • Develops and maintains bone strength • Found in dairy products and green leafy vegetables • Aids in muscle contraction, blood clotting, functions of nervous system • Comes from: milk and most dairy products, leafy green vegetables • Helps weight loss • Harvard research showed that those that got daily recommendation of calcium were 60% less likely to be overweight • Calcium seems to limit the amount of new fat that your body can produce • Lack of calcium leads to osteoporosis- bones become brittle and weak

  24. 6. Water- A regulator and vital to everybody’s function. • Regulator and vital to everybody’s function • Carries nutrients and transports waste from cells • Lubricates joints • Enables you to digest food • Your body uses up to 10 cups of water daily • Water is the nutrient that makes up the greatest percentage of the body • Should drink 6-8 cups daily

  25. Follow-Up Activity Which one is it highest in??

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