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Forest Ecology

Forest Ecology. Soil. Forest Ecology. Time to Get Dirty. Soils. For this presentation we are going to be ‘borrowing’ some information from the Oregon Envirothon. Soil is …. ...an integral part of a larger ecosystem affecting both land and water processes. Soil is ….

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Forest Ecology

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  1. Forest Ecology Soil

  2. Forest Ecology • Time to Get Dirty

  3. Soils • For this presentation we are going to be ‘borrowing’ some information from the Oregon Envirothon

  4. Soil is … ...an integral part of a larger ecosystem affecting both land and water processes

  5. Soil is … an ecosystem unto itself a complex, 3-dimensional habitat

  6. 2 1 5 functions of soil 3 5 4

  7. Active Factors Passive Factors The five factors of soil formation Soil = f(cl,o,r,p,t) • Climate • Organisms • Topography/relief • Parent Material • Time

  8. Landscape positions

  9. A soil profile

  10. Soil horizons Soil profile

  11. The “Master” horizons surface horizon made of Organic matter • O • A • E • B • C • R surface horizon, mineral soil high in organic matter subsurf. horizon light in color due to leaching subsurf horizon, can be high in clay least weathered (and deepest) of all the soil horizons bedrock

  12. O horizon

  13. m O w w m a a m m w m m a O Soil has four components • Minerals • Organic matter • Water • Air

  14. The four components of soil:

  15. Low Medium High Good Poor Medium High Slow Very slow Low Medium High Influence of Texture

  16. Compaction Less Greater

  17. Soils • Notice the affect of compaction • Can you name some ways soil can become compacted? • Equipment • Rain • Livestock

  18. Soils • Living things and their size difference

  19. Relative Sizes http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/zdrr0101.html

  20. Soil • Let’s look at some more information • Rocks are the parent material for soil formation • Soil management • Logging practices have changed over the past few decades to help manage the soil and soil compaction. • More hi-lead logging is done and logs are suspended in the air to prevent them from dragging on the ground

  21. Soils • Ground logging has changed to leave more brush where machines are operating to reduce compaction • If skid trails are used, the number is minimized to reduce compaction and run off

  22. Soil • Erosion • Most erosion results form road building in the forests • Proper road building techniques reduce erosion • Recent studies from OSU have shown that the 1st year after harvest, soil is more likely to erode than before harvest • However, after the 1st year, soil is more stable than before harvest

  23. Soil • How is it more stable? • Before harvest • Large conifer trees • Little brush • Lot’s of open ground • After harvest • Lots of brush • Little open ground

  24. Soil Review

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