Impact of Invasive Species on Biodiversity: Threats and Solutions

1. Invasive Species and It’s effect on Bio Diversity • Junction City High School • Kate Swift • Sandra Baldwin • Blake Huffman • Mario Croce • Nick Shown • Heather Coon

2. Invasive Species Defined • 1) non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and • 2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health* *http://www.invasivespecies.gov/

3. Bio Diversity Defined • 1) Bio diversity is the variety of life and its processes. • 2) It can be likened to the fabric of life ––thousands of individual threads woven into a complex tapestry across the landscape. * *Oregon Bio Diversity Project

4. Why is bio diversity important to conserve? • Bio diversity is central to our quality of life. It supports natural resource industries that produce commodities such as fiber, fuel, food, and medicine, as well as recreational uses.* *Oregon Bio Diversity Project

5. Why is bio diversity important to conserve? • Bio diversity includes healthy functioning ecosystems, which provide essential ecological services such as water purification, flood control, and nutrient recycling.* *Oregon Bio Diversity Project

6. Why why be concerned about invasive species? • Invasive species move into a eco niche, establish and remove the natural balance of the ecosystem. • In essence altering the natural food web of that ecosystem.

7. Blackberry • Introduced: 1885 as a cultivated crop.. • Threat: Displaces forests, pastures and other landscapes . • Origin: Western Europe.

8. Downy brome cheatgrass • Introduced: 1861 • Threat: Displaces native vegetation • Origin: Mediterranean 1861

9. Scotch broom • Introduced: 1850 Captain Walter Grant. • Threat: Displaces forests, pastures and other landscapes . • Origin: Europe.

10. Leafy spurge • Introduced: 1800s. • Threat: Displaces native vegetation • Origin: Europe and temperate Asia

11. Gorse • Introduced: 1894 Oregon • Threat: Fire danger & Displaces native vegetation • Origin: Europe

12. Yellow starthistle • Introduced: 1850 to California • Threat: Poisonous to Horses, displaces native vegetation. • Origin: Europe / Asia

13. Purple loosestrife • Introduced: 1800’s ornamental & beekeepers. • Threat: Displaces aquatic habitat. • Origin: Europe.

14. Brazilian elodea • Introduced: From Pet Stores / Aquarium • Threat: Displaces aquatic vegetation. • Origin: South American

15. Africanized honeybee • Introduced: 1956 to Brazil, Migrated North to the US in the 1990’s. • Threat: Aggressive behavior. “Killer Bee” • Origin: Africa.

16. European gypsy moth • Introduced: 1868 Boston, MA • Threat: Defoliation of vegetation • Origin: Europe / Asia

17. Asian long horned beetle • Introduced: 1996 Brooklyn, NY • Threat: Attacks hardwoods, lumber, syrup, nursery, fruit & tourism. • Origin: China

18. Japanese beetle • Introduced: 1934 St. Louis Missouri • Threat: Feed on a wide variety of plant roots. • Origin: Japan

19. European Starling • Introduced: 1890 New York City. • Threat: Out competing native birds. • Origin: Europe.

20. Nutria • Introduced: 1899 California. • Threat: Destruction of aquatic vegetation and habitat • Origin: South .

21. Zebra Mussel • Introduced: 1980’s Lake St Clair. Ballast Water of a boat. • Threat: Develop on anything a choke out native habitat & Organisms. • Origin: Russia

22. Green Crab • Introduced: 1879 Chesapeake Bay1989 San Francisco, CA. • Threat: Out competing & over consumes marina habitat. • Origin: Europe / Baltic Sea.

23. Sea Lamprey • Discovered: 1865 Lake Ontario • Threat: Destroy Native Fish • Origin: Atlantic Ocean

24. Sources • http://www.wa.gov/wdfw/fish/ans/greencrab.htm • http://osu.orst.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/1997/May97/crabs.htm • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/weeds/ • http://whybiotech.com/en/safety/con115.asp?MID=44 • http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/sturnus/s._vulgaris • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/pubs/fsalb.html • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/permits/ • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/weeds/facts.html • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/weeds/nwauthor.html • http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/bot350/1997/cullins/gcrab~1.htm • http://ceris.purdue.edu/napis/pests/jb/ • http://www.cropsci.ncsu.edu/aquaticweeds/factsheets/awfs005‑99.htm • http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/weeds/egeria.html • http://invasions.si.edu/carcinus.htm • http://www.invasivespecies.gov/

25. Sources • http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Data_sheets/dsanolgl.html • http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/noctuoidea/lymantriidae/lymantria/dispar.jpg • http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/information/factsheets/sea_lamprey00/sea_lamprey00.htm • http://www.great‑lakes.net/envt/flora‑fauna/invasive/zebra.html • http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/edu/VMG/lspurge.html • http://www.invasiveplants.net/purple.htm • http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/C/W-CO-CSOL-MP.001.html • http://nas.er.usgs.gov/mammals/ • http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1/myoccoyp.htm • http://www.pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biodiversity/broom%5Fe.html • http://plants.usda.gov/ • http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/index.html • http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/exotic_species/sea_lamprey.html

26. Sources • http://www.oda.state.or.us/Information/sow/Invasive_species.html • http://osu.orst.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/1997/May97/crabs.htm • http://www.pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/housing/japanese‑beetle/jbeetle.html • http://splash.metrokc.gov/wlr/lands/Weeds/Gorse.htm • http://www.tidepool.org/derek/greencrab.html • http://www.oda.state.or.us/Information/sow/Invasive_species.html • http://whybiotech.com/ • http://www.wsg.washington.edu/outreach/mas/aquaculture/crab.html • http://agronomy.ucdavis.edu/calrng/BRTE.htm • http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ • http://www.conservation.state.mo.us/ • http://www.cwma.org/downy_brome.html • http://www.projectwild.org/ • http://www.glsc.usgs.gov/information/factsheets/zebra_mussels00/zebra_mussels00.htm

27. Thank You For Your Time • Junction City High School • Kate Swift • Sandra Baldwin • Blake Huffman • Mario Croce • Nick Shown • Heather Coon