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Marketing Begins with Economics. Chapter 3. The Basic Economic Principle. Unlimited wants and needs, combined with limited resources result in scarcity How will the resources available be used? Who will receive and who won’t? How much will they get?
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Marketing Begins with Economics Chapter 3
The Basic Economic Principle • Unlimited wants and needs, combined with limited resources result in scarcity • How will the resources available be used? Who will receive and who won’t? How much will they get? • The way those decisions are made depends on the type of economic system the person is in
Who make the decisions? • Controlled Economy – gov’t owns and controls important resources and decides what will be produced and consumed (Communist) • Regulated Economy – shared btwn gov’t and certain groups • Free Economy – resources are owned by individuals and decisions are made individually with limited gov’t control • Mixed Economy – some individual – some government
America’s Private Enterprise • Based on independent decisions with limited gov’t role • Resources of production and owned and controlled by individual producers • Producers use profit motive to decide what to produce • Individual consumers make decisions about what will be purchased to satisfy needs • Consumers use value in deciding what to consume • The gov’t only steps in when society could be harmed
Supply and Demand play a large role in a private enterprise system • If the supply is large items are going to cost less, if the demand is high items are going to cost more because there are less available • Producers need to find out what is in need of supply before producing it
3.2 Microeconomics and Demand • Macro – economy of entire society • Micro – relationships between individuals in the economy • Factors affecting demand • Need or want is strong • Availability of supply • Availability of alternative products • Demand Curve
Supplying the Product • What and how many? • Possibility of profit • Amount and type of competition • Alter product? • Accessories to the product instead • Capability of developing and marketing • Lots of capital (cash) • Location • Supply Curve
3.3 Types of Economic Competition • 2 important characteristics in determining the type of competition • The number of firms competing in the market • The amount of similarity between the products of competing businesses • 4 types – Pure Competition, Monopoly, Oligopolies, Monopolistic Competition
Pure Competition • Large number of suppliers offering very similar products • Agricultural products – no single supplier can raise the price without hurting themselves • Businesses have no control over price if they want to sell their products
Monopoly • Opposite of pure competition • One supplier offering a unique product • Supplier has almost total control • Consumers have to accept the price • Few legal monopolies in the US • Microsoft? • DeBeers Diamonds • Standard Oil
Oligopolies • A few businesses offer very similar products of services • If they work together they will be a monopoly, work against they will be pure competition • Airline industry • Usually if they want to increase prices they need to do it as a group or it won’t work
Monopolistic Competition • Most common type • Many firms competing with products that are somewhat different • Fewer the number of competitors and the greater the differences among the competitors’ products, the greater the control each firm will have on the market
3.4 Enhancing Economic Utility • Economic Utility “Satisfaction” – the satisfaction a consumer receives from the consumption of a product • Higher utility if greater satisfaction • Marketers try to pick out the utility of a customer and prey on location, time, form, etc.
Form utility – changes in the tangible parts of a product or service • Time utility – available at the moment the customer wants it • Place utility – available where the customer is • Possession Utility – affordable at the time the customer can afford it