“The Lottery” Shirley Jackson

1. “The Lottery”Shirley Jackson Notes on the story

2. Focus Activity • What is a lottery? • What do you think about winning a lottery? • What would you expect to win? • Does a lottery give everyone equal chances?

3. Holding a Lottery… Everyone selects a slip of paper from the black box. No one (except me) should see what is on the paper. The winner will receive his/her prize later. Families?

4. Answer these questions, now! • Was the lottery fair to all participants? • Do you want to win the prize? • Why do you want to win? • What would be the best thing that you could win from this lottery? Write this on your warm-up

5. Vocabulary for the Story • Take a sheet of paper and fold it in half hot dog style. • Write each word along the front side. • Cut under each word. • Write the definition under the word. • This can help you study the vocabulary. • Paraphernalia • Boisterous • Fade • Shabby • Inevitable • Assemble • Enthusiasm • Exploitation • Petulantly • Clung • Daintily • Lapse • Lottery • Beamed V O C A B U L A R Y

6. Warm-up (Wednesday) Create 3 categories. List items that would belong in each category under it. UNC Mountains Beaches Boone Hickory DUKE Piedmont Landforms NSCU Sand hills Valdese Mt. Airy Towns Universities

7. Warm-up (Wednesday) Create 3 categories. List items that would belong in each category under it. Landforms Universities Towns UNC Hickory Beaches NSCU Sand hills Valdese Piedmont DUKE Boone Mountains Mt. Airy What is the over all topic? North Carolina

8. Outline Form • North Carolina • Landforms • Beaches • Sand hills • Piedmont • Mountains • Towns • Hickory • Valdese • Boone • Universities • Duke • UNC • NCSU • Expanded • II. Towns • Hickory • Downtown • Mall area • Furniture town • Valdese • Waldesians-founded • Bakery • Boone • ASU • Mass General Store Change the Warm-Up into an OUTLINE

9. DAR Essay • You need a highlighter or pen and the handout. • Title: • “Young American Takes a Stand: The War of 1812” • Pretend you were alive during the War of 1812 and had a friend who has become famous in history because of standing up for American during that exciting but dangerous time. Describe the perosn and how he or she stood up for America. Explain why it is important to honor such heroes when we celebrate the 200th anniversary of the War of 1812. • When you want to win, and I do, it is a good idea to be very creative in your approach to the topic.

10. What words do you know? Vocabulary for “The Lottery” • Assorted things (for specific activity) • Noisy and active • To lose brightness, dim • Showing signs of wear and tear, worn-out • Impossible to avoid • Bring or call together • Great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause • The act of employing to the greatest possible advantage • With unreasonable irritation • Held tightly • Delicately, in a lady-like fashion • End without being renewed • Contest of chance drawing • Smiled very happily • Paraphernalia • Boisterous • Fade • Shabby • Inevitable • Assemble • Enthusiasm • Exploitation • Petulantly • Clung • Daintily • Lapse • Lottery • Beamed V O C A B U L A R Y

11. Vocabulary Activity • Create 7 sentences using one word in each sentence. (A sentence that defines the word is unacceptable. EX – Shabby means worn-out.) • Underline each vocabulary word. • Once everyone has completed the activity, we will play a game! Be sure you know your words. • Paraphernalia • Boisterous • Fade • Shabby • Inevitable • Assemble • Enthusiasm • Exploitation • Petulantly • Clung • Daintily • Lapse • Lottery • Beamed homework

12. Quick Write… Choose one of the following and write a detailed, elaborative paragraph. • Some traditions my family shares are... • The craziest superstition I believe in is... • What does it mean to be “evil”? • An “Eye for an Eye” is an ethical means of punishment for crimes committed. To turn in; write on yesterday’s paper

13. Creating Definition – B1 What actions are evil? What does evil look like? What actions are evil?

14. Creating Definition – B2 What actions are evil? What does evil look like? What actions are evil?

15. Previewing “The Lottery” • Setting – small town America, at the end of June • What is happening at the end of June? • What does the word lottery bring to mind? Read the next 2 passages on the following slides and make predictions about the story. Try to guess what the prize of the Lottery might be.

16. Passage One “The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. The people of the village began to gather in the square, between the post office and the bank, around ten o’clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days and had to be started on June 26th, but in this village, where there were only about 300 people, the whole lottery took less than two hours, so it could begin at ten o’clock in the morning and still be through in time to allow the villagers to get home for noon dinner.”

17. Passage Two “Soon the men began to gather, surveying their own children, speaking of planting and rain, tractors and taxes. They stood together, away from the pile of stones in the corner, and their jokes were quiet and they smiled rather than laughed. The women, wearing faded house dresses and sweaters, came shortly after their menfolk. They greeted one another and exchanged bits of gossip as they went to join their husbands. Soon the women, standing by their husbands, began to call their children, and the children came reluctantly, having to be called four or five times.”

19. 5 minutes Warm-Up Create as many words as possible with the following letters. Words must be 2 or more letters.

20. What was your score? • After going around the room to eliminate some of the common words…. • Calculate your score using the following formula: • 2 points for 2 letter words • 3 points for 3 letter words • 4 points for 4 letter words • And so on!!!

21. Stems • Reviewing the words: • dichotomy • pathological • cryptic • isosceles • pathogen • vociferous • rectify • sanctimonious • tortuous • rectilinear • metamorphosis • petroglyph Expert to expert

22. Reviewing • Yesterday we started “The Lottery” • What was the setting of the story? • Who were some of the characters mentioned? • How did you feel while we were reading the story?

23. Reading the Story • Stop at “Bill Hutchinson’s got it…” • What will the winner of the lottery receive? • Complete the story without comment.

24. Respond to the Reading • Write your initial thoughts about the story! • DO NOT TALK – SIMPLY WRITE! • Clean Sheet of paper, please!

25. Is it a horror story? • What type of atmosphere does Jackson create at first, and how does that change? • Why are the townspeople holding the lottery? Why don't they stop?

26. Class Discussion • What do we know about Mrs. Hutchinson? Her husband? Family? • Why, according to the author, does the town carry out the lottery? • What foreshadows the final act? • Why do the townspeople carry out the stoning? What does this reveal about their character? • How does Jackson treat the idea of “equal opportunity” in the story?

28. Friday (Warm-Up) Stems Test Today Timer • Take 5 minutes to study your stems with a partner • I need your completed foldables • 7 sentences from “The Lottery” vocabulary

29. Today’s Agenda Stem Test Reading Blog On the back of your test answer one of the following questions. Write a good paragraph with supporting details. Describe your least favorite character and explain why. If you could ask the author a question, what would you ask them? In 4-6 sentences, describe several insights you have gained from your reading. • You may write on the test • Discussing the directions Timer Library

30. Sharing Your Sentences • Paraphernalia • Boisterous • Fade • Shabby • Inevitable • Assemble • Enthusiasm • Exploitation • Petulantly • Clung • Daintily • Lapse • Lottery • Beamed • The gardening paraphernalia is stored near the tiller and rakes in the basement. • She spoke petulantly to her mother when accused of not completing her chores and homework. • The exploitation of workers caused them to protest the long hours and demand better working conditions. • His lapse of memory caused the project to remain incomplete on its due date resulting in a failing grade. • The girl beamed with happiness when asked to attend the dance with Bill, the cute guy in math class. V O C A B U L A R Y

31. Imagery Task • Draw a picture of Mr. Summers, standing at the box, calling out names. This shouldn't be a quick stick-figure work of art, either: the story gives extensive detail about Mr. Summers and about the box itself. It is made of wood, and has been painted black, and repainted; it is starting to show its age. It rests on a stool. Mr. Summers has on a "clean white shirt and blue jeans," and his hand sits "carelessly" on the box. • What is wrong with the picture? • The fact that someone who is an executioner could wear the color of innocence (white) and act so casually while standing next to an object that is sure to bring death to someone -- even possibly him -- makes this story even more grotesque. Due Monday

32. Monday (Warm-UP) Define the word in red. • The black box was splintered badly along one side to show the original wood color. • There was a great deal of fussing to be done before Mr. Summers declared the lottery open. • Part of the original ritual had been allowed to lapse. • Mr. Summers seemed very proper and important as he talked interminably to Mr. Graves and the Martins. • Mr. Adams went hastily back to his place in the crowd, where he stood a little apart from his family. • Mrs. Dunbar greeted Mr. Summers gravely and selected a slip of paper from the box.

33. “The Lottery” Symbolism • Working in groups, you will present the information. • The class will complete a chart. • I do NOT want you to read the information, but to tell the class how the information impacted your impression of the story.

34. Ancient Ritual Sacrifice • In ancient Athens, Greece, Athenians believed that human sacrifice promised fertile crops. • Each year in ancient Athens, as one story goes, during the annual festival called Thargelia, citizens would stone to death a man and a woman selected for this purpose. • Death is thought to bring prosperity to the community • By transferring one's sins to persons or animals and then sacrificing them, people believed that their sins would be eliminated, a process that has been termed the "scapegoat" archetype • A similar ritual sacrifice occurs with Tessie Hutchinson. • This explains the village member's remark, “Lottery in June, corn be heavy soon.”

35. Ritual without meaning • Because there has "always been a lottery“, the villagers feel compelled to continue this horrifying tradition. • They focus, however, on its gruesome rather than its symbolic nature, for they "still remembered to use stones" even after they have "forgotten the ritual and lost the original black box“. • The story may be saying that humanity's inclination toward violence overshadows society's need for civilized traditions.

36. “Let he who is without sin, cast the first stone" • “The Lottery” certainly alludes to Gospel of St. John, 8:7, in which Jesus frees an adulterous woman, directing the scribe/Pharisee who is without sin to cast the first stone. No one throws stones at her. • Unfortunately, no one in “The Lottery” rebukes the powers so forthrightly as Jesus does in John 8:7.Tessie becomes their scapegoat; she pays for their sins.

37. Male vs. Female • A conflict between male authority and female resistance is subtly evident throughout “The Lottery.” • Early in the story, the boys make a great pile of stones in one corner of the square, while the girls stand aside talking among themselves, looking over their shoulders at the boys. • When Tessie draws the paper with the black mark on it, Tessie does not show it to the crowd; instead her husband Bill forces it from her hand and holds it up.

38. Women’s roles • Tessie Hutchinson defies the concept of the passive and selfless woman. • Tessie's actions are decidedly unlike the behavior expected of the ideal wife and mother in the era. Tessie is hardly self-sacrificing. • She even jeopardizes her married daughter by suggesting that she join the Hutchinson family in the final lottery drawing.

39. Women vs. Women • At the beginning of the story, the girls stand together watching the boys gather the stones, but as those girls become women, the involvement in marriage and childbearing that the lottery encourages pits them against one another, blinding them to the fact that all power in their community is male. • A most grievous betrayal of another womanoccurs when Tessie turns on her married daughter and attempts to jeopardize her safety. • Jackson emphasizes women's turning against one another, too, through her pointed depiction of the brutality of Mrs. Delacroix and Mrs. Graves in setting upon Tessie.

40. Mob violence • The heinous actions exhibited in groups (such as the stoning of Mrs. Hutchinson) do not take place on the individual level, for individually such action would be deemed "murder." • On the group level, people classify their heinous act simply as "ritual." • When Mrs. Hutchinson arrives at the ceremony late, she chats sociably with Mrs. Delacroix. Nevertheless, after Mrs. Hutchinson falls victim to the lottery selection, Mrs. Delacroix chooses a "stone so large" that she must pick it up with both hands. • Whereas, on the individual level, the two women regard each other as friends, on the group level, they betray that relationship, satiating the mob mentality.

41. Symbolism • Stonesare a universal symbol for punishment, burial, and martyrdom: they indicate a morbid ceremony. • Chips of wood: now discarded for slips of paper, suggest a preliterate/ancient origin, like the ancient sacrificial rituals for crops. • The setting: no specific name/place indicates this is anytown, USA; the contrast of the town with the ritual helps build suspense • Square: (village square) may represent the four corners of the earth—earthly opposed to heavenly; human-created as opposed to natural; boxed in; concealed.

42. Symbolism • Black: the color for death, mourning, punishment, penitence in western civilization. • The black box used to draw lots and the slip of paper with a black mark pointing out the 'winner' are mentioned too frequently to be coincidental. • Black box: coffin? Evil secret hidden away? • Black spot on paper: sin? A “black mark” on one’s record is negative; black mark: unclean?

43. Symbolism: Names • Tessie Hutchinson: Most likely an allusion to Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643), American religious enthusiast who founded the Puritan colony of Rhode Island. She had new theological views which opposed her to other ministers. After a local trial banished her she was tried before the Boston Church and formally excommunicated. Anne and fifteen of her children were subsequently murdered by the Indians in 1643. • The parallelism between her story and Tessie's is clear: to her, excommunication meant spiritual death just as to Tessie being cast out from the group = death.

44. Symbolism: Names • Tessie Hutchinson: • Anti-ritualAnn Hutchinson held that neither church nor state was needed to connect a believer to his or her God. (In the end, Tessie rejects the lottery ritual, saying “it isn’t right.”) • Tessie, diminutive for Theresa, derives from the Greek theizein, meaning “to reap”, or, if the nickname is for Anastasia, it will translate literally “of the resurrection”. (sacrifice for sins; contrast with Delacroix—“of the cross.”)

45. Symbolism: Names • Delacroix(“of-the-Cross”) • vulgarized to Della-croy(no longer truly of the cross) • Some critics suggest that Mrs. Delacroix represents the duality of human nature: she is pleasant and friendly on the outside, but underneath she possesses a degree of savagery. • Crosshas many connotations crossroads (faced with 2 directions); to cross something off; to be angry; to cross over or to pass by; pass from one side of to the other; to oppose, as in crossing one’s path; a burden; combination of 2 elements; To make or put a line across; To betray or deceive, double-cross…

46. Symbolism: Names • Summers:the season of summer is associated with youth, strength, growth, prime of life, warmth, leisure, prosperity, happiness, blooming, blossoming • Mr. Summers is the head of the coal business, which could symbolize close contacts with the underworld, evil; lurking just beneath the surface. • Coal is earthly (as opposed to heavenly); black; formed in the process of many years (long-term process); formed from compressed, decaying matter; early chemistry used a black spot to symbolize coal. • Marxist critics point out how Mr. Summers, who would have been one of the wealthier citizens, leads the lottery— those with money control the people’s activities.

47. Symbolism: Names • Graves : the obvious grave = place of entombment/death • Mr. Graves quietly assists Mr. Summers, with “Graves” hinting at a dark undertone. • Grave = serious; hints that the lottery may not be a frivolous contest (“Mr. Graves said gravely”) • Critics have said that Jackson creates balance by juxtaposing Mr. Summers and Mr. Graves to share in the responsibilities of the ritual: Life brings death, and death recycles life.

48. Symbolism: Names • Adams : reference to the first man, the first sinner • While he seems to be one of the few who questions the lottery when he mentions that another village is thinking about giving up the ritual, he stands at the front of the crowd when the stoning of Tessie begins. Like the biblical Adam,Adams goes along with the sin; he follows others in their evil.

49. Symbolism: Names • Old Man Warner:Resistant to change and representing the old social order, he warns about how important the event is to the survival of the village. • Old man Warner is 77 years old the number 7 has many connotations, but one common connotation is that 7 is lucky …he has been lucky to avoid the lottery so many times.

50. Symbolism: Names • Martin: associated with Mars, the Roman god of fertility and war. The following are just FYI: • St. Martin: Patron of drunkards, to save them from falling into danger. (The origin came from St. Martin’s day coinciding with the feast of Bacchus, god of wine.) • St. Martin’s goose. The 11th of November, St. Martin’s Day, was at one time the great goose feast of France. The legend is that St. Martin was annoyed by a goose, which he ordered to be killed and served up for dinner. He died after eating dinner, and a goose has been ever since “sacrificed” to him on the anniversary. • St. Martin’s bird is the raven, long associated with death and departed spirits