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The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a structured approach used by scientists to conduct experiments and solve problems. It involves steps such as formulating a hypothesis, conducting research, designing experiments, analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and communicating results. Key elements include controlled variables, independent and dependent variables, control groups, constants, and more. This guide provides detailed insights into each step, offering valuable tips and explanations for mastering the scientific method effectively.

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The Scientific Method

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  1. The Scientific Method

  2. The Scientific Method Many scientists use a process known as the scientific method to solve a science experiment. This is a five-stepprocess with the same general pattern

  3. Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

  4. ? Question Have a purpose Scientific Method Make experimen

  5. Steps of the Scientific Method 2. Research: Do as much research on your topic of interest so that you know how to form hypothesis.

  6. Research Get as much info as you can ? Question Have a purpose Scientific Method Make experimen

  7. Steps of the Scientific Method 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question. Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.

  8. Hypothesis: A guess about the relationship between variables. The statement that can be tested. If this _______________ then, __________.

  9. Research Get as much info as you can ? Question Have a purpose hypothesis Educated guess Scientific Method Make experimen

  10. Steps of the Scientific Method 4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list. The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).

  11. Experiment 4. Procedure for the experiment (test the hypothesis)--The procedure is the step-by-step plan you follow in order to complete the experiment.

  12. Experiment The procedure is like a recipe. If your procedure is written properly, everyone else who follows those directions will make the same observations or measurements as you did.

  13. Research Get as much info as you can ? Question Have a purpose hypothesis Educated guess Scientific Method Make experimen Step by step experiment

  14. Steps of the Scientific Method 5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Confirm the results by retesting. Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

  15. Research Get as much info as you can ? Question Have a purpose hypothesis Educated guess Scientific Method Step by step experiment analysis Look at Data Make experimen

  16. Steps of the Scientific Method 6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

  17. Research Get as much info as you can ? Question Have a purpose hypothesis Educated guess Scientific Method Step by step Conclusion experiment analysis Look at Data Make experimen

  18. Steps of the Scientific Method 7. Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project to an audience. Expect questions from the audience.

  19. Retest Perform the experiment again What would I change?

  20. Outline 1. Purpose What is it I want to know or show? 2. Research/Hypothesis Find out as much as possible about your topic Make an educated guess about what you think will happen 3. Experiment Create an experiment to test Step by step

  21. Outline continued 4. Analyze Data Record what happens during experiment Is data reliable? Support hypothesis? 5. Conclusion Was your hypothesis correct? Summarize the important parts of experiment and the results

  22. Experimental Research • Investigations that involve variables • Controlled Variables (constants): • Dependent Variable: • Independent Variable:

  23. Control Group The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the variable being tested. All experiments should have a control group.

  24. Constants The constants in an experiment are all the factors that the experimenter attempts to keep the same.

  25. Controlled Variables (constants): Variables that could change, but are not allowed to; also called constants. Factors that stays the same through all phases of an experiment.

  26. Do you know the difference between the independent and dependent variables?

  27. Independent Variable The independent, or manipulated variable, is a factor that’s intentionally varied by the experimenter. John is going to use 25g., 50g., 100g., 250g., 500g. of sugar in his experiment.

  28. Dependent Variable The dependent, or responding variable, is the factor that may change as a result of changes made in the independent variable. In this case, it would be the size of the loaf of bread.

  29. Dependent Variable: In an experimental investigation, what is observed and measured; the data. Factors that will be measured in an experiment.

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