CONTEMPORARY HISTORY: SPAIN IN THE 19th CENTURY

1. CONTEMPORARY HISTORY:SPAIN IN THE 19th CENTURY

2. INDEX • Title • War of Independence • Reign of Ferdinand VII • Reign of Isabella II • First Spanish Republic • Spanish Restoration • Industrial Revolution • Society • Architecture • Sculpture • Painting • Literature • Videos • Games • The end

3. WAR OF INDEPENDENCE • In 1807 Napoleon (emperor of France) wants to occupy Portugal and Charles IV (king of Spain) allows him to cross Spain. In that period Napoleon ocuppy the most importanr cities in Spain and that caused a popular revolt and Charles IV abdicate and his son Ferdinand VII became king of Spain but years later Napoleon forced him to abdicate and his brother Joseph Bonaparte became king of Spain. The population of Madrid didn´t acept him and they rebeled. This started the War of Independence and this war finalized in 1814 and Ferdinand VII return as king of Spain. • During the war the Spanish Constitution moved to Cádiz. Members of Parliament wrote the first Spanish Constitution.

4. REIGN OF FERDINAND VII • The reign of Ferdinand VII was from 1814 to 1833 when he dead. • He abolished the Constitution and he put again an absolute monarchy so he can do what he wants. This caused political disorders and Spain lost a lot of the American colonies that became independent. • He changes the law of succesion, so Isabella II could ascend to the Spanish Throne.

5. REIGN OF ISABELLA II • When Ferdinand VII deads Isabella II became Queen of Spain an she puts a constitutional monarchy that limited her power. • During her reign there were a lot of military conflicts and goverment changes that led into a revolution. • In 1868 Isabella II was exiled.

6. FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC • In 1871 Amadeo de Saboya of Italy became king but he doesn´t have so much support and he abdicate two years later. • In 1873 members of Parliament made a republic with no king but also the republic doesn´t have so much support and failed after a year. AMADEO DE SABOYA OF ITALY

7. SPANISH RESTORATION • In 1874 the son of Isabella II Alfonso XII became King of Spain and the new historical period began called the Restoration. • At the end of the 19th century Spain lost its last colonies in Cuba,Puerto Rico and the Philippines

8. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Was originated in the UK at the end of the 18th century and it extend to other countries. • In Spain the Industrial Revolution started at the 19th century, the mainly factories in Spain where built in The Basque Country and Catalonia.The steam engine was invented and a new energy source (coal) was used. • Textile and metal industries advanced dramatically. • In Spain the first railstation was between Bacelona and Mataró.

9. SOCIETY • : Was divided into three groups: • Upper class • Aristocrats:Nobles that have own large areas. • Bourgeois:Factory owners,prosperous merchants and bankers. • Middle class: • Small merchants and entrepeneurs,small landowners,and professionals such as doctors,lawyers and engineers • Lower class: • Peasants:Worked on the land of the rich people. • Factory workers:Work in exchange of wages or in bad place for live,clothes and food. UPPER CLASS

10. ARCHITECTURE • Neoclassical was developed at the begining of the 19th century, it were similar to Greecks and Romans. • Iron bridges were built and new types of buildings were created. • Modernism was born at the end of the century, show curved and wavy shapes in the nature. The best architect was Antonio Gaudí that create the Casa Milá or the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona. SAGRADA FAMILIA

11. SCULPTURE • The transformation of cities influenced in sculpture. • The sculpture decorate: squares, gardens and avenues. • The sculptures were mainly made of stones. • Ricardo Bellever was a famous Spanish sculptor,he mades the Fallen Angel in Madrid. FALLEN ANGEL

12. PAINTING • Goya was the painter of the Spanish Court and paints portraits of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII, he also paints popular scenes such as festivals or wine harvests. • At the end of the 19th century Impressionism was born. The painters put more emphasis in colours that in the draw • The most important painter was Joaquín de Sorolla who paints the Women walking on the beach.

13. LITERATURE • During the 19th century there were great writers in Spain such as Zorrilla, Rosalía de Castro and Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer and novelists such as Pérez Galdós and Leopoldo Alas “Clarín”. • At the end of the century there were a group of writers that wrote bad things about the political disorder of Spain, this group was known as the “Generation of 98”. This writers are: Pío Baroja, Unamuno, Antonio Machado and Ramón María Valle-Inclán. PÍO BAROJA

14. GAME • How many groups social classes were? • 2 Groups • 3 Groups • 5 Groups • When did the War of Independence finished? • 1807 • 1812 • 1814

15. ANSWERS • 3 groups • 1814

16. VIDEOS

18. VIDEOGAME

19. THE END