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CAN S-PAC CONTROL/REDUCE FOULING IN CERAMIC MF MEMBRANE?: PRE-COAT Approach

CAN S-PAC CONTROL/REDUCE FOULING IN CERAMIC MF MEMBRANE?: PRE-COAT Approach. J. Z. Hamad, M.D. Kennedy, S.G.J Heijman, B.S. Hofs, G.L. Amy and J.C. Schippers. 20 November 2009. Ceramic Membranes: Strengths & Weakness. High Flux Operation– 150 – 210L/m 2 .h

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CAN S-PAC CONTROL/REDUCE FOULING IN CERAMIC MF MEMBRANE?: PRE-COAT Approach

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  1. CAN S-PAC CONTROL/REDUCE FOULING IN CERAMIC MF MEMBRANE?: PRE-COAT Approach J. Z. Hamad, M.D. Kennedy, S.G.J Heijman, B.S. Hofs, G.L. Amy and J.C. Schippers. 20 November 2009

  2. Ceramic Membranes: Strengths & Weakness • High Flux Operation– 150 – 210L/m2.h • Resistant to High Temperature and Chemicals (4000C & pH 1-14) • Long Life (15 years) – (Polymeric 5-7 years) • BW Flux – 1,700L/m2.h • Can easily break (brittle)

  3. Limitations of Ceramic membranes • Cost almost double to polymeric • Virus, NOM & SOCs - not removed without Pre-treatment • Fouling (Particulate/Colloidal, Organic) –

  4. Pretreatment • In-line coagulation (Panglish et al 2007) – PACl (1-3.5mg/l) – Ruhr River (Average DOC 2.4mg/l) – with 1.5mg/l of Al dosage - 35% of DOC removal observed –Flux -200L/m2h • Adsorption with PAC (Zhao et. al 2005) – PAC (20g/l) + MF Ceramic – high Doc River water (20mg/l) - Removal of DOC was 70%. – Flux -167L/m2.h • PACl & O3 (Lehman and Li 2009) – PACL (1mg/l) + Ozone (4mg/l) – Source of water is secondary effluent with average TOC of 5mg/l. Average Removal of TOC was 30% - Flux was 170L/m2.h

  5. Previous Works Done • Comparison of the efficient of S-PAC & N-PAC on NOM removal • Removal of micro-pollutants with S-PAC pre-coats + Ceramic membrane • Virus Removal

  6. GOAL and OBJECTIVES Goal: • To minimise/control fouling in Ceramic membrane • Objectives • Minimising the irreversible fouling in Ceramic membrane • UV & DOC Removal • Determination of the fractions of NOM removed – (LC-OCD)

  7. What is S-PAC? N-PAC was pulverized in ball Mill for 15hrs to produce S-PAC 10 N-PAC: d10=3-5; d50= 10μm S-PAC: d10=0.3; d50=0.8 µm

  8. MATERIAL AND METHODS Water Source = Pre-filtered Canal Water + Tap Water 1:1 To remove the Turbidity and Suspended particles Canal water was pre-filtered with 1μm

  9. Membrane Characteristics

  10. PILOT PLANT Data Logger: Q, t, P &T

  11. METHODOLOGY Blocking the membrane channels (46 channels out of 55) – this reduced the use of water from 60L/h to 10L/h. Pre-filtration of Delft canal water using 1µm filter (current DOC level is about 9 mg/l). Mixing the pre-filtered with tap water by ratio of 1:1 - (Raw water) Filtration of Raw water with S-PAC pre-coats (40 layers) with BW intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours (CIP was done before starting new experiment in order to restore the membrane permeability) – Average Flux of 155L/m2h was used Sampling for DOC,UV and LC-OCD measurements 11

  12. OPERATIONAL PROCESSES OF THE PILOT PLANT CIP – Citric Acid (3%) membrane is soaked for 6 hrs followed by NaOCl (3,000ppm) 6 hrs

  13. Duration of Filtration Cycles & Equivalent Doses

  14. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS • Fouling Experiments • UV & DOC Removal

  15. TMP increase – Blank vs 40 layers S-PAC at Ave. J = 155L/m2.h and 1 hr filtration cycle on MF Ceramic No fouling!

  16. TMP increase – Blank vs 40 layers S-PAC at Ave. J = 155L/m2.h and 2 hrs filtration cycle on MF Ceramic 42% Fouling Reduction

  17. TMP increase – 40 layers S-PAC at Ave. J = 155L/m2.h & 3 hrs filtration cycle on MF Ceramic 30% Fouling Reduction

  18. TMP increase – 40 layers S-PAC at Ave. J = 155L/m2.h & 4 hrs filtration cycle on MF Ceramic 10% Fouling Reduction

  19. DOC Removal 60% DOC Removal

  20. UV Removal 70% UV Removal

  21. Observations/Conclusions 40 layers of S-PAC pre-coats renewed after every 1 hour (eq. dose 40mg/l) can control both reversible and irreversible fouling (minimize the use of chemicals!). 40 layers of S-PAC pre-coats renewed after every 2 hrs (eq. dose 20mg/l) reduced irreversible fouling by 42%. 40 layers of S-PAC pre-coats used for 3 hrs filtration cycle (eq. dose 13.5mg/l) reduced irreversible fouling by 30%. 40 layers of S-PAC pre-coats applied for 4 hrs filtration cycle (eq. dose 10mg/l) reduced irreversible fouling by 10%. DOC and UV Removal of 60% and 70% was achieved respectively from surface water (DOC = 5mg/l & UV = 0.16) when 40 layers of S-PAC were used over ceramic membrane at a Flux of 155L/m2h and filtration cycle of 1 hour. With 2,3 and 4 hours filtration cycles DOC Removal of 32%, 26% and 23% were observed respectively while UV Removal was 45%, 39% and 34% respectively 21

  22. Recomendations • Longer Fouling experiments with higher Fluxes (170 – 210 L/m2h)

  23. Ongoing Works • LC-OCD measurements • EEM measurements

  24. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT • EU Techneau – Funding • KWR – Pilot Plant • MetaWater - membranes

  25. . THANK YOU

  26. OPERATION: 1.) Filtration – (valve 1 & 3 open) BW vessel – valves 1,3,4 & 8 open 2.) BW–valves 10,2,4,9 open 3.) Air Flushing – valves 2,7,10 open 4.) Forward flushing–valves 1& 6 open Filtration cycle – 1 hour Backwashing –16 seconds (3liters) Air Flushing – 30 seconds (5 bars) Forward Flushing – 1 min. (150l/h) PILOT PLANT- CERAMIC MEMBRANE 2ND CYCLE BW FILTRATION AF FILLING BW FF

  27. Pre-treatment prior to Ceramic Membrane • Adsorption (Mixing Chambers & Static mixing) + In-line coagulation (Matsui et. al 2005) )– Low DOC water (about 1.5mg/l DOC).- - 62.5L/m2.h 1.) S-PAC (1-10mg/l) + Poly Aluminium Chloride (PACl 1mg/l) 2.) N-PAC (5-40mg/l) + PACl (1mg/l) • Adsorption without Coagulation

  28. SELECTION OF PRE-TREATMENT METHOD R

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