APUD SALVIUM

1. APUD SALVIUM STAGE 14 • Grammar Concepts: • Adjectives • Prepositional Phrases

2. Practice Sentences (p. 28-29) • Multae amphorae sunt in plaustro. Many wine-jars are in the cart. Varica: Phile! Porta hanc amphoram in villam. Philus! Carry this wine-jar into the house. Philus: amphora magna est. difficile est mihi magnam amphoram portare. The wine-jar is large. It is difficult for me to carry the large wine-jar. Varica: cur? Why? Philus: quod ego sum senex. Because I am an old man.

3. Practice Sentences (p. 28-29) • Varicageminos in area conspicit. Varica catches sight of the twins in the courtyard. Varica: Loquax! Anti-Loquax! Portatehancamphoram in villam! Loquax! Anti-Loquax! Carry this wine-jar into the house! Loquax: amphora gravis est . Difficileestnobisamphoramgravemportare. The wine-jar is heavy. It is difficult for us to carry the heavy wine-jar. Varica: cur? Why? Loquax: quod nossumuspueri. Because we are boys.

4. Practice Sentences (p. 28-29) • Bregans pro amphoris stat. Bregans is standing in front of the wine-jars. Varica: Bregans! Porta has amphoras in villam! Bregans! Carry these wine-jars into the house! Bregans: amphorae graves sunt. Difficileestmihiamphoras graves portare. The wine-jars are heavy. It is difficult for me to carry the heavy wine-jars. Varica: sednecesseest! But it is necessary! Bregans: Cur? Why?

5. Practice Sentences (p. 28-29) Varica: necesse est tibi amphoras portare quod Philus est senex, quod Loquax et frater sunt pueri, et… It is necessary for you to carry the wine-jars because Philus is an old man, because Loquax and his brother are boys, and… Bregans: quod tu es vilicus! Because you are the manager.

6. Stage 14 GrammarAdjectives (p. 34-35) • An adjective describes a noun. • The words in blue in the following sentences are adjectives: • Servus iratus non laborabat. • The angry slave was not working. • Dominus servo fesso praemium dedit. • The master gave the tired slave a reward. • Agricola servum ignavum punivit. • The farmer punished the lazy slave.

7. Adjectives Cont. • Adjectives change their endings to match the nouns they modify. Adjectives must match their nouns in three ways: • Noun case (nom., dat., acc., etc.) ex. Servusiratus non laborabat. Iratus is nominative because it is describing a nominative noun (servus). ex. Dominus servo fessopraemiumdedit. Fesso is dative because it is describing a dat. noun (serv0). • Number (sing./pl.) ex. Ancillaeperterritae ad culinamcontendunt. Perterritaeis plural because it is describing a plural noun (ancillae). 3. Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter )[stage 15]

8. Adjectives Cont. (p. 38) • IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR AN ADJECTIVE’S ENDING TO LOOK LIKE THE ENDING OF THE NOUN IT MODIFIES. IT NEEDS ONLY MATCH IN NUMBER, CASE, AND GENDER! • Ex. Civis servum fortem laudavit. • The adjective fortem agrees with its noun in number, case, and gender; however, the endings do not look the same. • This is because they belong to different declensions and have different ways of forming their cases. • From what declension is servus? • From what declension is fortis?

9. Adjectives Cont. • A Predicate Adjective is an adjective in the predicate (verb) part of the sentence. Predicate adjectives describe the subject of the sentence and match the SN in number, case, and gender. • Ex. Britannisuntstultissimi. What is the declension, case, and number of the noun Britanni? • 2nddec., nom. pl. • Ex. Uxor,esinsana. • Notice that the pronoun “you” indicated by the verb refers to “uxor”. Therefore, the adjective which describes uxor must be in the nominative case.

10. Adjectives Cont. • Adjectives like MAGNUS, PARVUS, and MULTI, which indicate SIZE or QUANTITY, usually come before the noun they describe; other adjectives follow. • Bregans magnum taurum ducebat • fures ingentem serpentem timebant. • Multi mercatores vinum bibebant. • Agricola omnibus pueris pecuniam dedit.

11. Quiz yourself! (true/false) • Latin adjectives agree with a noun in person, number, and gender. • FALSE – It is case, person, and gender! • Adjectives indicating size or quantity usually come before the noun that they describe. • TRUE • Latin adjectives always have the same endings as the nouns they modify. • FALSE • Nouns and adjectives are grouped by their conjugation number. • FALSE – What? Conjugation deals with VERBS! • The word number indicates whether nouns and adjectives are singular or plural. • TRUE

12. Stage 14 GrammarPrepositional Phrases (p. 40-41) • In Stage 14 you will meet nouns in the Ablative Case. • The Ablative Case is used with certain prepositions in Latin. • These include: a/ab, cum, de, e/ex, in, pro, sine, sub • The Accusative Case is also used with certain prepositions. • These include: ad, apud, in, per, prope

13. Prepositional Phrases The Ablative Case • You can remember the ABLATIVE CASE prepositions with the following: • Sub - S • In - I • De - D • Sine -S • Pro -P • A/ab -A • Cum -C • E/Ex -E SID SPACE, THE ABLATIVE ASTRONAUT

14. Noun Declensions (record these endings on your noun sheet)

15. Prepositional Phrases The Accusative Case • The ACCUSATIVE CASE is often seen in prepositional phrases. It demonstrates a concept of distance, relationship, or extent: • Quintus ad villam advenit • Ego prope urbem habitare volebam. • Vilicus per ordines ambulabat. • Salvius Quintum in tablinum duxit. • The preposition “in” can be used with both the ABLATIVE & ACCUSATIVE cases. • When used with the ABLATIVE; in=in, on • When used with the ACCUSATIVE; in=into

16. Prepositional Phrases Cont. (p. 40-41) • Translate the following & identify the case of the bolded nouns: • Salvius e villā contendit. • Salvius hurried out of the house. • In tablino est armarium elegantissimum. • In the study there is a very elegant cupboard. • Quintus ad villam advenit. • Quintus arrived at/to the house. • Ego prope urbem habitare volebam. • I was wanting (wanted) to live near the city.

17. Quiz yourself! • Tell whether the following take the ablative or accusative case. • Per • Apud • Ab • Prope • Cum • In • De • Pro SID SPACE, THE ABLATIVE ASTRONAUT [P=PRO(BE)] [A/AB=ABLATIVE]

18. Looking Ahead to the Stage 14 Test • New concepts to be aware of are: • Noun & Adjective Agreement • Knowledge of Prepositions and Whether They are Used with Accusative or Ablative case Nouns • Use of quamquam = although • Review concepts to be aware of are: • Use of quam = how, than, as___as possible • Question Forms in Latin [num, -ne]