Chapter 11: State Governments

1. Chapter 11: State Governments Chapter 11-1: Federal and State Powers (p. 316-319)Chapter 11-2: State Economic issues(p. 327-328)

2. Chapter 11: State Governments • Objectives: • Describe structure of state and local governments to the U.S. , including major Alabama offices and officeholders. • Describe how local and state Governments are funded.

3. Chapter 11: State Governments • Vocabulary • Federal system • Reserved powers • Concurrent powers • Supremacy clause

4. Chapter 11: State Governments • Graphic organizer: As you read p. 316-319 compare and contrast state governments and federal governments. State Govt. Federal Govt. Both

5. Chapter 11: State Governments • Video link: New Power of State and Local Govt. • PartisanPoliticsandPoliticalInvolvementch11.mp4

6. The Framers of the Constitution created a federal government that was stronger than it was under the Articles of Confederation.

7. Article IV, Section 2 promises that each state will treat the people of other states equally.

8. The national government has expressed, implied, and inherent powers

9. Inherent Powers are powers held by a government simply because it is a government, such as buying land from another country.

10. Expressed Powers are powers stated in the constitution. Most are found in Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution.

11. not listed in the Constitution but can be based on it.

12. Reserved Powers, given only to the state, are found in the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.A state establishing a university system is an example of a reserved power.

13. Concurrent Powers are not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. Shared by federal and state govt.

14. Constitution Limitations: states may not declare war, issue their own money, impose taxes on imports from other countries or states, make treaties with other countries, or take away rights granted by the federal government.

15. Fourteenth Amendment: Courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill of Rights to the states. The Fourteenth Amendment gave courts a tool to stop states from making laws that limited the rights of African Americans.

17. Chapter 11-2: State Economic Issuesp. 327-328

18. Chapter 11-2: State Economic Issuesp. 327-328 • In all but one state the law demands that the budget be balanced. • States can not spend more money than they collect. • Most states can not borrow money to meet regular expenses

19. Chapter 11-2: State Economic Issuesp. 327-328 • State Revenues and Spending • Rely on taxes as major source of income • Income • Sales • States charge fees • Licenses to marry, drive, and fish • Use fees—tolls

20. Chapter 11-2: State Economic Issuesp. 327-328 • Spending • Pay for services • Aid to local govt. • Benefits to the poor and disabled • Health care • Education • Payroll for state workers • Police protection, • Maintaining roads • Maintaining state parks.

21. Chapter 11-2: State Economic Issuesp. 327-328 • Budget Crunch: • Economic problems • lay off>unemployment rate up>people spent less> tax revenues fell>state expenses rose • Deep budget cuts • Increase taxes • Growing demands • Unemployment payments • Health care

23. Chapter 12: Local Government

24. Chapter 12-1 City Governments • Objectives: • Explain essential characteristics of the political systems of the U.S. including the organization and functions of political parties and the process of selecting political leaders • Describe structures of state and local govt. in the U.S. including major Alabama offices and officeholders. • Describe how local and state govt. are funded.

25. Essential Question: • Why do people create, structure and change governments?

26. Chapter 12-1 City Governments • Vocabulary: • Incorporate • City charter • Home rule • Ordinance • At-large election • Dominate • reluctant • Special district • Metropolitan area • suburb

27. Video link: New Power of State and Local Governments • NewPowerofStateandLocalGovernments.mp4

28. Chapter 12-1 City Governments • As you read p. 346-352 identify the basic forms of city governments and briefly explain each. Type Mayor appoints various city officials, Write city’s budget, Power to veto, Great influence Govt is split into several separate dept. Each dept handles a task. Head of dept called commissioners. Commissioners elected by voters Power is limited, Council names dept. heads and policy decisions, Mayor directs council meetings but votes only in a tie, Many people share responsibilities City council appoints a city manager. Manager draws up a budget Directs city dept. Reports to council. Council can fire manager

29. Local Governments are created by state governments.

30. Municipality: an incorporated place, a local area with an organized government that provides services to residents

31. City Charter most closely resembles a constitution, document grants power to a local government.

32. Home Rule, cities have the power to write their own charters, cities act with less interference from the state.

33. Ordinance--city law.

34. Wards-- voting districts in cities.

35. At-Large Election citywide election.

36. Strong-Mayor system is when the mayor has strong executive powers, mayor tends to dominate city government, and mayor has the power to veto ordinances.

37. Weak-mayor system of government, the mayor can vote at council meetings, but only to break a tie, mayor’s authority is limited, and council appoints department heads and makes most policy decisions.

38. Council-Manager form of government often seen as a way to reform inefficient governments

39. Commission form of city government does not divide legislative and executive powers. Govt is split into several separate department.

40. Special District unit of government that deals with a specific function.

41. A metropolitan area is formed by a large city and its suburb

42. Suburbs communities near or around cities.

43. Metropolitan areas have been growing larger. More people and more business lead to more challenges.

46. Chapter 12-2: County Governments • Objectives: • Compare duties and functions of memgers of the legislative, and judicial branches of Alabama’s local and state governments and of the national government. • Explain concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances among the three branches of state and national governments.

47. Chapter 12-2 County Governments • Essential Question: • Why do people create, structure and change governments?

48. Chapter 12-2 County Governments • Vocabulary: • County • County seat • levy

49. Chapter 12-2 County GovernmentsRead p. 354-358 use a graphic organizer to identify the elected county officials. Coroner Clerk Sheriff Elected County Officials Treasurer Tax assessor Prosecutor

50. County first type of government formed by American settlers, normally the largest territorial and political subdivision in a state, often assumes the functions of city government.