Europeans in North America: Explorers, Conquests, and Impact

1. North America/ Europe Explorers 1 Explorers 2 Terms Random 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 4pt 4 pt 4pt 5pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt

2. The __________ were the first Europeans to establish colonies in North America.

3. Vikings

4. Name 2 ways the Aztec empire was defeated

5. The Aztecs had thousands of warriors. • Cortés had several hundred soldiers and sailors, as well as horses and guns. • Moctezuma welcomed Cortés but was seized by the Spanish and later killed during fighting. • The Spanish overthrew the Aztec Empire with the aid of the Aztec’s enemies. • The Aztecs had also been weakened by smallpox and other diseases brought by the Spanish.

6. How did the invention of the printing press assist the Protestant Reformation?

7. Spread Martin Luther’s ideas that the Catholic Church was abusing powers

9. Reason: King Philip II used Spain’s wealth to lead a Counter-Reformation against the Protestants • Storm destroys Spanish Armada • Spain was also weakened by economic problems, including inflation, a rise in the price of goods caused by an increase in the amount of money in use. • England, France, and the Netherlands challenged Spanish power in the Americas.

10. Explain one reason why Leif Eriksson and his people were unable to stay at their North American settlement?

11. attacks by Native Americans • 2. area’s isolation

12. America was named after

13. Amerigo Vespucci

14. Bartolomeu Dias

15. Portuguese, discovered Cape of Good Hope

16. conquistador, led a military expedition to defeat the Inca Empire

17. Francisco Pizzaro

18. Henry Hudson

19. English, led a Dutch expedition to present-day New York

20. conquistador, overthrew the Aztec Empire

21. Hernan Cortes

22. John Cabot

23. Italian sailor, sailing for the English, searched for a Northwest Passage to the Pacific. This became the basis of England’s claim to North America.

24. What goods did Columbus find in the Bahamas?

25. Gold New foods

26. Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain

27. sailed down the Saint Lawrence river, claiming lands for France

28. received a charter, a document giving him permission to start a colony in Virginia, Roanoke

29. Sir Walter Raleigh

30. Portuguese, won European sea race to Asia

31. Vasco da Gama

32. El Camino Real

33. Road that linked the Spanish empire

34. Encomienda System

35. Gave settlers the right to tax and work Native Americans

36. The Pope gave Spain all the land west of the invisible boundary

37. Line of Demarcation

38. Military expedition leaders for Spain

39. Conquistadors

40. What was the Columbian exchange? Why is it still important today?

41. name given to this transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas. • Explorers brought horses, cattle, pigs, and grains such as barley and wheat to the Americas. • Europeans took back such American plants as corn, tomatoes, tobacco, and cocoa. • Examples: Still important because livestock and crops are a central part of the economy, major food, etc

42. Treaty of Tordesillas

43. Between Spain and Portugal: Moved the invisible line of demarcation boundary west 800 miles

45. Gold, Ivory, and Slaves Devastated African communities Broke up families Led to increased warfare among kingdoms Brutal treatment to slaves B. Wealth and power for the Portuguese C. Other European countries launched their own voyages of exploration

46. Explain how one technological advancement furthered exploration. Technology A. Results A.

47. Examples: Longboat – shallow for river travel, can go both ways, many men Caravel- triangle sails against wind Magnetic compass- find north without stars Astrolabe- chart location by stars

48. Explain 3 ways Henry the Navigator furthered Portuguese exploration in the 1400s?

49. A. Built observatory B. School of navigation C. Financed research by mapmakers and shipbuilders D. Paid for expeditions to explore African coast

50. Give two reasons for European exploration in 1400s