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Introduction to Human Geography and Map Distortions

This chapter provides an overview of human geography, including the origin of the term "geography" and the role of cartography. It explores various types of map scale and distortion, as well as the use of different map projections. The chapter also discusses survey systems, geographic information systems (GIS), and geographic regions. Additionally, it examines the concepts of distance decay, diffusion, and environmental determinism.

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Introduction to Human Geography and Map Distortions

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  1. Chapter 1 Review

  2. What is Human Geography?

  3. Who came up with the term “geography” and what is its literal meaning? (from the Greek) γεωγραφία

  4. What is cartography?

  5. This clay tablet is one of the oldest world maps that still survive! (Babylon c. 6th century B.C.)

  6. Name the ancient Greek cartographer whose maps were used by Europeans for over 1000 years.

  7. Map scaleis the relationship between a feature’s ___ size and ___ size Penn Square

  8. Name the 3 types of map scale shown below.

  9. SMALL SCALE Number after 1: large Area covered large Large features only Has the most distortion Example: World Map LARGE SCALE Number after 1: small Area covered small small features shown Has the least distortion Example: Map of Deland

  10. Which map has the smallest /largest scale?

  11. All flat maps show distortion. Name the four types of map distortion.

  12. What areas on this Equal Area projection are relatively accurate?

  13. Why do you think the CIA and the National Geographic Society use this Robinson Projection in most of their map work?

  14. What element of a Mercator projection is least distorted?

  15. By what other name is this Azimuthal projection known as?

  16. Explain how the metes &bounds survey on the left differs from the township & range survey on the right. Which is more efficient in dividing property?

  17. What part of the U.S. was surveyed using the Metes & Bounds system? Where was land divided by using Township & Range lines?

  18. What type of computer/software system uses many thematic layers to illustrate where things are located?

  19. What is the absolute location of Hong Kong?

  20. How did Chicago’s situation help make it an important city?

  21. The pictures below help illustrate the site characteristic of what U.S. city?

  22. Historians like to divide history into periods of time in order to make it easier to study. How do geographers attempt to make the study of the world easier?

  23. All of the maps below illustrate what type of region?

  24. This map of banking centers is a great example of what type of region?

  25. Explain Tobler’s 1st law of geography stated below:“ Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things”. Waldo Tobler Professor of Geography University of California at Santa Barbara

  26. Does this model of distance decay for retail support Tobler’s Law? Explain

  27. He believed that observing and analyzing ____________ should form the basis of geographic study.

  28. Describe how the cultural landscape of this place has changed (left to right)

  29. What geographic term does this diagram illustrate?

  30. Which type of diffusion is illustrated below?

  31. Which type of diffusion is illustrated below?

  32. Which type of diffusion is illustrated below?

  33. Which type of diffusion is illustrated below?

  34. Latitude = distance from the ____________.Longitude = distance from the ______________.

  35. How long does it take the earth to make 1 revolution around the sun?What effect does this have on earth’s climate in a location?

  36. Most people live in temperate zones. Why would this fact support the theory of environmental determinism?

  37. How long does it take the earth to make 1 rotation?What effect does rotation have?

  38. How many time zones away is Florida from Greenwich?Is our time earlier or later than Greenwich?

  39. Explain how color (or shading) is used on a choropleth map to illustrate a specific variable or characteristic.

  40. How does this reference map differ from the thematic map on the previous slide?

  41. What type of map is shown below?Explain what the lines on the map illustrate.

  42. Explain how this proportional symbol map illustrates how large or small a city population is.

  43. Do man-made canals and dams support the theory of environmental determinism or possiblism?

  44. Has globalization occurred everywhere in the world?

  45. Which map has a finest/coarsest level of aggregation?

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