Environmental Science

1. Environmental Science Agriscience Applications

2. Forestry • Competency • Analyze the conservation practices for utilizing forest, wildlife, fisheries and environmental resources

3. Forestry • Silviculture • The scientific management of trees

4. Forest Management • 1/3 of the United States is covered by forest land

5. Trees • Trees • Woody perennial plants • Single stem • Shrubs • Bushy • Multiple stems

6. Trees • Softwood • Needle type • Evergreens • Coniferous • Hardwoods • Broad-leaf • Looses leaves every year • Deciduous

7. Trees • Softwoods • Southern Pine • Douglas fir • Frazier fir

8. Trees • Southern Pine • Loblolly pine • Longleaf pine • Shortleaf pine • Slash pine • Most common for pulpwood or plywood

9. Trees • Douglas fir • Most important species of tree in the US • Used for construction lumber and plywood • 20% of the timber harvested each year in the US

10. Trees • Frazier fir • Used for commercial Christmas tree production • Grown in the mountain of North Carolina

11. Trees • Hardwoods • Ash • Birch • Oak (white and red)

12. Trees • Ash • Handles and baseball bats • High resistance to shock • Birch • Furniture, plywood and paneling • Verneer • thin sheet of wood glued to a cheaper species of wood

13. Trees • Oak • White and Red • Very strong • Flooring • Furniture • Fencing

14. Forest Management • Replacing Trees that have been harvested • “Natural seeding” least expensive way to replace forest • Planting trees is a surer method

15. Forest Management • Managing growing timber • Prescribed burn • Reduce the risk of wildfires • Reduce litter • Prescribed thinning • remove competing trees

16. Forest Management • Virgin Forest • A forest that has never been harvested by humans

17. Forest Management • Harvesting Timber • Selection cutting • Recommended in a mixed forest consisting of trees of different ages and size • Reduces erosion • Clear Cutting • All trees are removed • Can cause erosion problems

18. Forestry Equipment • Increment borer • Age of trees • Planting Bar • Tree scale stick • Estimate tree volume • Tree tape • Most accurate in determining circumference

19. Tree Scale Stick

20. Forestry Careers • Foresters • Assistance in managing forest • Recommend harvesting methods • Recommend seeding methods • Monitor disease and insects • Average yearly salary in North Carolina • $41,184 Source: Bridges Career Explorer

21. Forestry Careers • Timber cruiser • Estimate timber volume • Outdoor work requiring physical stamina • High School diploma • Training in estimating tree volume

22. Forestry Careers • Skidder Operator • Involves moving downed trees from the cutting site to the loading area

23. Forestry Website • http://www.sfws.auburn.edu/samuelson/dendrology/

24. Wildlife Management • Objective • Interpret wildlife management practices as related to good environmental management

25. Wildlife Management • Usually a by-product of the family operation • Sustainable habitat and food are essential in increasing the number of wildlife on a farm • Leaving brush piles when harvesting • Leave crop residue standing

26. Wildlife Management • Hunting and fishing as proper management • Remove excess wildlife • Prevents: • Overpopulation • Malnutrition • Disease • Overall decreases in population

27. Wildlife Management • Carrying Capacity • Number of wildlife that can be supported throughout the year • Hunting and fishing help maintain carrying capacity • Results of overpopulation • Water quality of a stream with a carrying capacity of 20 fish will decrease if 50 fish are in the stream

28. Careers in Wildlife Game Warden Wildlife Careers Ecologist Wildlife Biologist

29. Careers in Wildlife • Ecologist • Studies the effect of the environment on animal life • Wildlife Biologist • Advises the establishment of fish/game laws • Explores habitat improvement programs

30. Careers in Wildlife • Game Warden • Enforces hunting and fishing regulations • Government employee under the Wildlife Commission • Controls the harvesting of wildlife • Should enjoy working outdoors

32. Aquaculture • What do you think of when you think about aquaculture? Fish?

34. Aquatics • The management of aquatic environments to increase the harvest of usable plants and animal products

35. Aquatics • Cage Cultures • Production system • Aquatic animals and plants are contained in a small area • Easier to monitor • Better growth rates • Limited movement which could cause stress

36. Aquatics • Recirculating Tanks • Production method • Processes water through a biological filter

37. Aquatics • Roll Over • A pond’s water quality suddenly changes • Less oxygenated water is brought to the surface and low levels of dissolved oxygen cause fish to die • Difficulty in managing an aquaculture system is related to the amount of fish in the system

39. Aquatics • Fish adapted to aquaculture systems: • Trout (cold running water) • Catfish • Bass • Tilapia

42. Soil & Water • Objective • Investigate water and its properties as it relates to the production of food and fiber

43. Water Properties • Universal Solvent • It dissolves or changes more other materials than anything else- • Water Cycle • The cycling of water between water sources, atmosphere, and surface water

44. Water • Precipitation is the release of moisture as rain or snow. • Evaporation is the process during the water cycle when water changes from a liquid to a gaseous state.

45. The Water Cycle • Get with a partner and come up with an explanation of the water cycle.

47. Types of Water • Capillary • Water that can be adsorbed by plant roots • Free Water • Gravitational • Water that drains out of soil after it has been wetted

49. Water • Permeability • The rate of movement of air and water through the soil • Saturation • Water is added until all the pores are filled • Two or three inches of rain in a few hours

50. Soil • Objective • Evaluate soil as related to the production of food and fiber