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Linking Systems Transforming Resource Sharing Through ISO ILL and Other Standards

Linking Systems Transforming Resource Sharing Through ISO ILL and Other Standards. CLA 2004 17 June 2:20 pm Session 206 Background on Library Communications Protocols Barbara Shuh and Carrol Lunau Library and Archives Canada . 1.1 What is this item? Who owns it?.

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Linking Systems Transforming Resource Sharing Through ISO ILL and Other Standards

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  1. Linking SystemsTransforming Resource Sharing Through ISO ILL and Other Standards CLA 2004 17 June 2:20 pm Session 206 Background on Library Communications Protocols Barbara Shuh and Carrol Lunau Library and Archives Canada

  2. 1.1What is this item? Who owns it? 1.3Who are X, Y, Z? Will they lend items to me? Do I have to pay? Catalogues 5. Item 1.2 Libraries X, Y & Z own copies Library A 1.3Z is a consortial friend, Y is … Directory 2.1Will you lend this item to me? 2.2Sorry, it’s out on loan Library Z (consortial friend) 3.1Will you lend this item to me? 4.2Yes, and we’re shipping to you now 3.3Sorry, our copy is on loan 4.1Will you lend this item to me? Library X ILL System 3.2.1 Is this item available for loan? Library Y ILL System Library Y Circ System Interlending Conversations 3.2.2The Circ. System indicates it’s out on loan

  3. 1.1Z39.50 Query 1.3X.500/LDAP Directory Lookup Catalogues 1.2 Z39.50 Response Library A 1.3X.500/LDAP Directory Response Directory 2.1NCIP Request Item 2.2NCIP Request Item Response Library Z (consortial friend) 3.1ILL Protocol ILL-REQUEST 3.3ILL Protocol ILL-ANSWER reason unfilled = in-use-on-loan 4.2ILL Protocol SHIPPED 4.1ILL Protocol ILL-REQUEST Library X ILL System 3.2.1 NCIP Item Lookup Library Y ILL System Library Y Circ System Linking Systems 3.2.2NCIP Item Lookup Response

  4. Machine-to-machine conversations • System to system, application to application • not person to person • Human users only interact with local application • never directly with remote system • Protocols invisible to the human users of the application • … when applications are well designed

  5. Library Communication Protocols • Provide rules for sets of messages and associated behaviour for use by libraries to perform resource-sharing activities • in a distributed network environment, i.e., • from different manufacturers • under different managements • of different levels of complexity • of different technologies • text from intro of ISO 10161-1 and X39.50

  6. Peer to Peer ILL App ILL App Vs. Database Z39.50 Client Z39.50 Server Client-Server

  7. Unconfirmed Confirmed Z39.50 Client Z39.50 Server Vs. ILL App ILL App

  8. Z39.50 • Search and Retrieval • NISO Z39.50 - 2003 • ISO 23950 • Maintenance Agency at the Library of Congress • Used for • Verification of bibliographic data • Identification of locations Z39.50 Query Virtual Catalogue Z39.50 Response Library A

  9. Z39.50 • Is an international standard which • Is a computer-to-computer protocol for communication between different systems to search & retrieve information • Provides an abstract model of information retrieval • Language for expressing searches (attributes) • Means to encode searches and results • Is not: • User interface • Local application functionality • Solution to cataloguing & systems differences

  10. Z39.50 Issues • Choices • Support different attributes • Vendors have selected different options or interpretations • Support different record syntaxes • Standard does not provide clear product specifications for developers • Can be complex to implement • Until recently no definition for exchange of holdings • Cataloguing, sematic, systems & firewall issues • Partial solution = Profiles • Bath Profile • NISO Z39.89 - 2003

  11. Current Status/Future • Z39.50 widely implemented • Internationally • 1819 servers • Canada • 115 catalogues represented • Profiles not widely implemented • Z39.50 & the Web • SRU/SRW

  12. Directories • Directory Services for Interlibrary Loan (IPIG) • X.500 / LDAP • ISO 2146 • proof-of-concept: • OCLC/NLA/NLC-OpenILL Directory 1.3Directory Response 1.3Directory Query Library A

  13. Directory Scenarios • Who is this Library, will it lend to me and if so, how much will it cost? • Which libraries holding this item will lend to me at a price I can afford and using request methods that I support? • What level of protocol support does this library have and which address should I use?

  14. Global ILL Directory Network: Long-term Benefits • Access to standards-based ILL policy data • help ILL systems work better • ultimately serve the patron better • help globalize community of Interlending partners • Maintain lending policies in a shared directory • Reduce work and improve accuracy of directory information

  15. Global ILL Directory Network: A Vision • International framework facilitating the sharing of ILL policies and automated ILL requests • Proof-of-concept directory network • National Library of Australia/Fretwell-Downing • OCLC • LAC/OpenILL • Using X.500/LDAP • Client-server protocol used to retrieve and manage ILL directory information • Directory schema based on the IPIG Directory Services Information Model

  16. “Directory” Issues for Canadian Libraries • Canadian model of ILL directory • What data elements and services are required? • Authoritative Master File • Who will own the Master directory? • Centralized or distributed? • Who will maintain the data? • Centralized or distributed? • What are the security requirements? • Why X.500 or LDAP?

  17. NCIP Library A Circulation System • Circulation Interchange Protocol • ANSI/NISO Z39.83-2002 • Connection-oriented, sessionless • Talks “XML” Library Z Circulation System 2.1Request Item 2.2Request Item Response 3.2.1 Item Lookup Library Y ILL System Library Y Circ System 3.2.2Item Lookup Response

  18. NCIP • Protocol specifies 45 services • Each service comprised of a pair of messages • Initiation message • Response message • Each service is independent of any other service

  19. NCIP Objects • Agency Object • Library or other organization that lends items from its collection(s) or provides related services to one or more classes of users • Item Object • Physical or logical (electronic) entity within an Agency’s collection that may be lent or to which access may be provided to a User • User Object • Person or organization that is or may become an authorized user of items owned by an Agency

  20. NCIP Services • Lookup • Tell me something about… • an Agency, an Item or a User • Update • Please take an action • Typical circulation activities, maintaining Object info, tracking items • Notification • I have taken an action • Notification of actions taken • One for each update…

  21. Current Status: • Potential to support: • Direct Consortial Borrowing • Circulation/Interlibrary Loan Interaction • Self-Service Circulation • Has an active implementors group • A sign that implementations are progressing? • Most applications still under development; • Watch for announcements from vendors this summer

  22. NCIP Issues • Many choices allow implementation of many models • No required messages; implementors can pick and choose • Still not stable; Implementor’s Group is tweaking the standard.

  23. ILL Protocol • Interlibrary Loan Application • ISO 10160:1997 • ISO 10161-1:1997 • Uses either • Internet connections • E-mail • “Talks” ASN.1 BER Library A 4.2SHIPPED 3.1ILL-REQUEST 3.3ILL-ANSWER, reason unfilled = in-use-on-loan 4.1ILL-REQUEST Library X (last resort lender) ILL System Library Y ILL System

  24. ILL Protocol • Protocol specifies 20 messaging services • Covers activities during life of an ILL-Transaction • Always starts with the ILL-REQUEST for an item • Continues with an ILL-ANSWER or SHIPPED • Tracks the stages of a Loan (RECEIVED, RETURNED, CHECKED-IN, LOST, DAMAGED, etc.) • Helps applications track ILL activities • Record the current state of each ILL transaction • Maintain a history of ILL activities

  25. ILL Protocol: IPIG Profile • Limits use of some messages • Forwarding handled outside the protocol • Role of intermediary outside scope of profile • Provides structures for some information to facilitate machine parsing • Allows for uses of both E-mail (mandatory) and Internet connections (optional)

  26. ILL Protocol: Status of Implementation • Interoperability Testing • Market-driven conformance • Implementors: • National Libraries • Canada, Australia, New Zealand, UK • Bibliographic Utilities • RLG (Shares), OCLC • Lending partners outside consortial boundaries • Universities & other large research libraries • Version 3

  27. Request Submission Message • Message used by a client to submit a request for an item • Developed by IPIG • “Talks” XML • Not yet widely implemented • Being registered as an OpenURL Client-initiated request for item Library A

  28. Interlending Conversations • Question and Answer Period

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