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Basic Concepts for the AP Student

Basic Concepts for the AP Student. Rhetorical Triangle. speaker. audience. purpose. Rhetorical Triangle. Speaker (writer) Audience (intended audience): include any inferences you can make about gender, race, level of education, class, values, etc. Message/purpose. Rhetorical Triangle.

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Basic Concepts for the AP Student

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  1. Basic Conceptsfor the AP Student

  2. Rhetorical Triangle speaker audience purpose

  3. Rhetorical Triangle • Speaker (writer) • Audience (intended audience): include any inferences you can make about gender, race, level of education, class, values, etc. • Message/purpose

  4. Rhetorical Triangle • Interconnectivity of A., P., and S. • Take all into account when writing or, more importantly for us, analyzing an argument.

  5. The appeals… • There are three basic ways to appeal to an audience: • Through their emotions • Through their intellect • Through their opinion of the speaker

  6. Pathos • Appeal to emotions • Emotionally loaded language • Pulls on your heart-strings

  7. Logos • Appeal to logic • Based on logic or reason • Appeal to facts

  8. Ethos • Appeal to ethics • based on the character of the speaker • Relies on the reputation of the author/speaker • Appeals to values

  9. Overlay Speaker Ethos Audience Pathos Purpose Logos

  10. Reasoning • Two different approaches • Inductive • Deductive These guys explain it pretty well: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/dedind.php

  11. Syllogism A type of deductive reasoning A=B, B=C, therefore A=C Major premise, minor premise, conclusion from challengingminds.org Syllogisms are particularly interesting in persuasion as they include assumptions that many people accept which allow false statements or (often unspoken) conclusions to appear to be true. There is a difference between truth and validity in syllogisms. A syllogism can be true, but not valid (i.e. make logical sense). It can also be valid but not true.

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