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Capillaria philippinensis

Capillaria philippinensis. Created and Presented by: Lindsey Petrovich Amanda Reinesch. TAXONOMY. KINGDOM : Animalia PHYLUM : Nematoda CLASS : Aphasmidea ORDER : Anoplida FAMILY : Capillariidae – Capillaria Roundworm Nematode Intestinal Parasite. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.

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Capillaria philippinensis

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  1. Capillariaphilippinensis Created and Presented by: Lindsey Petrovich Amanda Reinesch

  2. TAXONOMY • KINGDOM: Animalia • PHYLUM: Nematoda • CLASS: Aphasmidea • ORDER: Anoplida • FAMILY: Capillariidae – Capillaria • Roundworm Nematode • Intestinal Parasite

  3. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION * Philippines * Thailand Rare cases have been reported from other Asian countries, Iran, Middle East, Japan, Egypt and Colombia. 

  4. Interesting Facts • First discovered in 1963 in Northern Luzon, Philippines • Appearance in humans was sudden and unexpected • Witch Doctors hired to drive out curse placed on people by River God

  5. MORPHOLOGY Adult Male 2.3-3.2 mm long 23-28 μm wide Small caudal alae Spineless spicule sheath Adult Female 2.5-4.3 mm long 29-47 μm wide Esophagus is half as long as body Produce Capillaria-type eggs that lack pits Egg 36-45 μm long 20 μm wide Peanut shaped Striated shell

  6. LIFE CYCLE • DEFINITIVE HOST: • fish-eating birds • INTERMEDIATE HOST: • Fish • VECTOR: • None • ACCIDENTAL HOSTS: • Human • Acquire by eating small species of raw infected fish • Direct and Indirect Life Cycles

  7. LIFE CYCLE Unembryonated eggs are passed in human/bird stool. Unembryonated eggs become embryonated in the external environment. Fresh water fish ingest embryonated eggs, larvae hatch, penetrate the intestine, migrate to tissues. Ingestion of raw or undercooked fish results in infection of human host. Adult worms reside in human small intestine, burrow in mucosa. Female adult worms deposit unembryonated eggs. - Some eggs become embryonated in intestine, release larvae, cause autoinfection, leading to hyperinfection Parasite of fish-eating birds. - (Birds eat small fish)

  8. PATHOGENESIS In Humans • Causes intestinal capillariasis • Damages cells of intestinal wall • Worms repeatedly penetrate mucosa of small intestine and reenter lumen (jejunum) • Leads to progressive degeneration of mucosa and submucosa • Interferes with absorption of nutrients (fats and sugars) and maintenance of proper electrolyte (potassium) balance

  9. PATHOGENESIS In Humans SYMPTOMS: Anorexia Emaciation Borborygmus (stomach growling) Depressed levels of potassium and albumin in blood • Watery diarrhea • Abdominal pain • Edema • Weight loss • Weakness • Malaise

  10. DIAGNOSISIn Humans • Finding eggs, larvae, and/or adults in: • Stool samples • Unembryonated eggs • Severe infections have eggs, larvae, and adults • Intestinal biopsies • Often fatal if left untreated • Patients die from: • Loss of electrolytes • Heart Failure • Secondary Bacterial Infections

  11. TREATMENTIn Humans Anthelmintics - Mebendazole - Albendazole - Thiabendazole

  12. CONTROLFor Humans • Avoid eating small raw fish whole • Education

  13. REFERENCES: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaria_philippinensis • http://medinfo.psu.ac.th/pr/MedBoard/Img/20080605080200.jpg • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/A-F/Capillariasis/body_Capillariasis_page2.htm • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/A-F/Capillariasis/body_Capillariasis_mic1.htm • http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Frames/A-F/Capillariasis/body_Capillariasis_page1.htm#Geographic%20Distribution • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Ph_locator_map_luzon.png • http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2005/Capillariasis/capillaria%20images/bird.JPG • http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Enterobius/Mebendazole%20Tablets%20USP%20100mg%20100mg.jpg • http://www.richygold.com/my_images/albendzole.jpg • http://curezone.com/upload/Blogs/Zoebess/raw_fish.jpg • http://www.encognitive.com/images/digestive-system-2.jpg

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