Future Directions in Parity Violation: From Quarks to the Cosmos

1. M.J. Ramsey-Musolf Future Directions in Parity Violation: From Quarks to the Cosmos + many students, post-docs, collaborators, and colleagues PAVI ‘06 MHLOS

2. Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History What are the fundamental symmetries that have governed the microphysics of the evolving universe? • Parity violation as a probe of the proton’s internal structure (sea quarks, twist) • Parity violation as probe of the hadronic weak interaction • Parity violation as a probe of additional symmetries of the early universe

3. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History

4. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History SM “unfinished business”: What is the internal landscape of the proton? Sea quarks, gluons, & qq, qqg correllations

5. Probing the strange sea with PV Not surprising: ms / Lc ~ 0.15 Challenge for lattice: Unquenched, light chiral quarks World Data 4/24/06 GMs = 0.28 +/- 0.20 GEs = -0.006 +/- 0.016 ~3% +/- 2.3% of proton magnetic moment ~20% +/- 15% of isoscalar magnetic moment ~0.2 +/- 0.5% of Electric distribution Consistent withs-quark contributions to mP & JP but smaller than early theoretical expectations Preliminary Courtesy of Kent Pashke (U Mass)

6. ~ 50% fluctuations about leading twist Alekhin NNLO MRST NNLO MRST NNLO with Barbieri Target Mass Corrections • Smooth transition from DIS (solid squares) to resonance region • Resonances oscillate about perturbative curves (quark-hadron duality in transverse channel) - all Q2 • Target mass corrections large and important Probing Higher Twist: Beyond the Parton Model 2xF1 Experimental Status Data from JLab E94-110 (nucl-ex/0410027, submitted to PRL) Courtesy C Keppel

7. Where are theqq and qqg correlations ? n = 2 Cornwall-Norton Moments F2 F2, F1 in excellent agreement with NNLO + TM above Q2 = 2 GeV2 No (or canceling) higher twists Yet, dominated by large x and resonance region Remove known HT (a bit novel), the elastic, and there is no more down to Q2 = 0.5 GeV2 The case looks different for FL (data or curve?) 2xF1 FL

8. Looking beyond the parton description PV Deep Ineslastic eD (J Lab 12 GeV) Theoretical Challenges pQCD evolution of twist four moments Lattice QCD for t =4 matrix elements Organizing the program: what kinematics, complementarity with PC F1,2 , … ~0.4% Different PDF fits E=11 GeV q=12.50 Sacco, R-M preliminary Probing Higher Twist with PV

9. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History SM “unfinished business”: How do weak interactions of hadrons reflect the weak qq force ? Are QCD symmetries (chiral, large NC,…) applicable? Is there a long range weak NN interaction?

10. c symmetry not sufficient P-Wave: Parity-conserving S-Wave: Parity-violating Weak Interactions of Hadrons: Strange? Hyperon weak decays

11. Are weak interactions of s-quarks a “un-natural” ? Or are their deeper puzzles with the HWI involving all light flavors ? E1 (PV) Breaking of SU(3) sym M1 (PC) Th’y Exp’t Weak Interactions of Hadrons: Strange?

12. Zhu, Puglia, Holstein, R-M DS=0 analog of aBB’ : PV E1 N-D transition PV Asymmetry Q2=0: Nonzero PVES: G0, QWEAK “natural” dD enhanced dD Weak Interactions of S=0 Hadrons: Strange? What does QCD predict ?

13. Nuclear effects: lW,Z ~ 0.002 fm << Rcore Meson-exchange model Seven PV meson-nucleon couplings Weak Interactions of S=0 Hadrons: Strange? Use parity-violation to filter out EM & strong interactions Desplanques, Donoghue, & Holstein (DDH)

14. Anapole moment Boulder, atomic PV Analog 2-body matrix elements Long range: p-exchange? hp~0 hp~ 10 gp Model independent T=0 force T=1 force Is the weak NN force short range ?

15. Problem with expt’s • Problem with nuc th’y • Problem with model • No problem (1s) T=0 force T=1 force EFT Is the weak NN force short range ?

16. Six constants to O(p) O(p-1) O(p) O(p) O(p) Hadronic PV: Effective Field Theory PV Potential Long Range Short Range Medium Range Zhu, Maekawa, Holstein, R-M, van Kolck ‘05 R-M & Page ‘06

17. One new O(p) constant O(p-1) O(p) O(p) O(p) Hadronic PV: Effective Field Theory PV Current Operators Long Range Medium Range Short Range

18. Done LANSCE, SNS HARD* NIST,SNS † New few-body calcs needed Pionless th’y: 5 exp’ts Dynamical pions: 7 exp’ts Hadronic PV: Few-Body Systems Pionless theory Ab initio few-body calcs

19. Complete determination of PV NN & gNN interactions through O (p) Attempt to understand nuclear PV observables systematically Attempt to understand the li, hp etc. from QCD Are the PV LEC’s “natural” from QCD standpoint? Does EFT power counting work in nuclei ? Implications for 0nbb-decay Hadronic PV: Theoretical Challenges

20. Light nM : 0nbb-decay rate may yield scale of mn How do we compute & separate heavy particle exchange effects? Hadronic PV & 0n bb - decay

21. How do we compute & separate heavy particle exchange effects? 4 quark operator, as in hadronic PV Hadronic PV & 0n bb - decay

22. O( p -1 ) O( p) Hadronic PV as a probe • Determine VPV through O (p) from PV low-energy few-body studies where power counting works • Re-analyze nuclear PV observables using this VPV • If successful, we would have some indication that operator power counting works in nuclei • Apply to 0nbb-decay Prezeau, R-M, & Vogel

23. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve Origin of matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos What are the symmetries (forces) of the early universe beyond those of the SM?

24. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) PV as a Probe of New Symmetries Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve Origin of matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos What are the implications of mn and PV expts for possible new symmetries & forces?

25. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) PV as a Probe of New Symmetries Unseen Forces: Supersymmetry ? Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Origin of matter Neutrinos

26. 3/4 0 3/4 1 TWIST (TRIUMF) PV Correlations in Muon Decay & mn

27. mn MPs Constraints on non-SM Higgs production at ILC: mn , m- and b-decay corr constrained by mn Also b-decay, Higgs production Erwin, Kile, Peng, R-M 06 Prezeau, Kurylov 05 First row CKM PV Correlations in Muon Decay & mn Model Independent Analysis 2005 Global fit: Gagliardi et al. Model Dependent Analysis

28. CKM unitarity ? Flavor-blind SUSY-breaking 12k R ParityViolation Kurylov, R-M, Su CKM Unitarity MW CKM, (g-2)m, MW, Mt ,… APV l2 b-decay 12k 1j1 1j1 No long-lived LSP or SUSY DM New physics Kurylov, R-M RPV SUSY Weak decays & new physics

29. Lifetime & correlations b-decay 58Ni coated stainless guide Flapper valve Liquid N2 Be reflector LHe LANSCE: UCN “A” NIST, ILL: tn Future SNS: tn, a,b,A,… Future LANSCE: tn Solid D2 Ultra cold neutrons 77 K poly UCN Detector Tungsten Target Weak decays & PV

30. Correlations Non (V-A) x (V-A) interactions: me/E SUSY b-decay at “RIAcino”? Weak decays & PV

31. Profumo, R-M, Tulin b-decay correlations m-decay h-parameter Fierz int (current) DGF from tm PV w/ radioactive isotopes ? Weak decays & PV: Correlations

32. n is Majorana 12k SUSY loops 12k RPV 95% CL fit to weak decays, MW, etc. Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions  SUSY dark matter ->e+e Kurylov, Su, MR-M

33. Deep Inelastic eD vs elastic ef e RPV Loops p SUSY effects Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions

34. “DIS Parity” SUSY loops E158 &Q-Weak Linear collider JLab Moller RPV 95% CL Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions Kurylov, R-M, Su  SUSY dark matter

35. Cosmic Energy Budget Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Baryogenesis: When? SUSY? Neutrinos? CPV? WIMPy D.M.: Related to baryogenesis? “New gravity”? Lorentz violation? Effects on CMB? ?

36. Cosmic Energy Budget Dark Matter BBN WMAP Searches for permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) of the neutron, electron, and neutral atoms probe new CP-violation Dark Energy T-odd , CP-odd by CPT theorem Baryons What are the quantitative implications of new EDM experiments for explaining the origin of the baryonic component of the Universe ? What is the origin of baryonic matter ?

37. Weak Scale Baryogenesis • B violation • C & CP violation • Nonequilibrium dynamics Topological transitions Broken phase 1st order phase transition Sakharov, 1967 • Is it viable? • Can experiment constrain it? • How reliably can we compute it? Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics 90’s: Cohen, Kaplan, NelsonJoyce, Prokopec, Turok Unbroken phase CP Violation

38. CKM fdSM dexp dfuture Also 225Ra, 129Xe, d If new EWK CP violation is responsible for abundance of matter, will these experiments see an EDM? EDM Probes of New CP Violation

39. M1 0 -mZ cosb sinqW mZ cosb cosqW T ~TEW : scattering of H,W from background field MN = ~ ~ T ~ TEW mZ sinb sinqW M2 -mZ sinb sinqW 0 CPV 0 -m -mZ cosb sinqW mZ cosb cosqW -m T << TEW : mixing of H,W to c+, c0 mZ sinb sinqW -mZ sinb sinqW 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ M2 • = N11B 0 + N12W 0 + N13Hd0 + N14Hu0 MC = m T << TEW BINO WINO HIGGSINO Baryogenesis & Dark Matter: MSSM Chargino Mass Matrix Neutralino Mass Matrix

40. Neutralino-driven baryogenesis Baryogenesis LEP II Exclusion Two loop de Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M SUGRA: M2 ~ 2M1 AMSB: M1 ~ 3M2 EDM constraints & SUSY CPV

41. Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M Dark Matter: Future Experiments

42. EDMs, Baryogenesis, & Dark Matter • Continued progress in performing systematic computations of the baryon asymmetry • Continued scrutiny of QCD & nuclear structure uncertainties in EDM computations • Comprehensive phenomenology with other models of new CPV (extended Higgs sector) • Funding for experiments !

43. Future Directions: • Parity violation in electron scattering and hadronic interactions will continue to provide new insights into proton’s internal structure and weak qq interactions • PV in weak decays and electron scattering will continue to provide insights into new physics (SUSY, n’s, Higgs) that will complement LHC, ILC probes • PVTV will provide powerful probe of the origin of baryonic matter and non-baryonic dark matter Considerable theoretical and experimental challenges and opportunities remain: PAVI must go on!