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Is Gender in trouble?. Introduction. Before we begin, what really is gender? Contexts of gender Why is the question/issue raised?. Judith Butler’s ‘Gender Trouble’. A post-structuralist criticism of the traditional gender misconception
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Introduction • Before we begin, what really is gender? • Contexts of gender • Why is the question/issue raised?
Judith Butler’s ‘Gender Trouble’ • A post-structuralist criticism of the traditional gender misconception • Argues against Levi-Strauss’s framework, claiming it ties sex and gender too closely • Analyses and challenges the modern ‘heterosexual matrix’ that helps perpetuate the patriarchal hegemony • Considers the relationship between genealogy/biology and the connotations/stigmas attached • “physical features seem to be on the ‘far side’ of language. These numerous features gain social meaning and unification through their articulation within the category of sex. In other words, sex imposes an artificial unity on the otherwise discontinuous set of attributes.”
Challenging the Gender boundary. • One of the examples of our argument for gender being in trouble is that in modern/traditional society, there were clear differences in gender (for example boys wear blue/girls wear pink, boys listen to rock, girls listen to R’n’b.), • However in postmodern society, there is more often boys and girls not conforming to normal gender roles (for example boys wearing pink, cardigans etc., girls listening to indie music). • You could argue, however, that the world is still a modern society as there is still stigma against these above groups (also including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender), due to being the creation of hypermasculinity/femininity.
Sexual Minorities Concern. Sexual minorities would be those who transgress the boundaries, the biological sex and cultural gender. Those minorities are: homosexual, bisexual, transsexual, metro sexual. As we all think that we still leave in a free society and allowed to choose our sexuality, we still face the complications of breaking against the hegemony. Depending on what area we live in, to which culture or race we belong to, the reaction to our choice of sexuality will vary.
Feminists Perspective. (Challenging structuralism and identity) • Every weave of new theory created in a society is driven by the recognition of a specific trouble. One of these problems was the gender, specifically female, inequality within the modern and post-modern societies. But as in every society various groups of people see the reasons for it from different sources. As The feminism movements started to progress in 20th century it divided onto 2 extreme movements, which became accepted only at that time: Socialist (Marxists) and Radical feminists.
Socialist Feminists. (Challenging... Continued) • Socialists feminists - Their main concerns were the parallel between male dominancy in capitalist society and women’s underachievement in this sphere. As a result women starts to participate more and more in an educational and political sphere in order to teach young women's generation how to reach equality and to Introduce new laws in order to support women at all spheres of life as well as men.
Different or not? • Different mentality since then until now
Does exist any difference between gender characteristics and it’s behaviour? • Proven by scientists...
Differences between: • Personality • Behaviour • Appearance