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Safe Places to Play Identifying Opportune School Sites for Joint Use in Oakland, CA

Safe Places to Play Identifying Opportune School Sites for Joint Use in Oakland, CA. Rachel Cushing || UP 206A || March 15, 2011. Childhood Obesity. Childhood obesity rates have tripled in last 30-40 years. Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Safe Places to Play Identifying Opportune School Sites for Joint Use in Oakland, CA

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  1. Safe Places to Play Identifying Opportune School Sites for Joint Use in Oakland, CA Rachel Cushing || UP 206A || March 15, 2011

  2. Childhood Obesity • Childhood obesity rates have tripled in last 30-40 years Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Image: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_child_07_08/Figures1.png

  3. Childhood Obesity • 7 out of 10 children in California do not meet physical activity guidelines • This could be the first generation of American children to have a shorter lifespan than their parents Sources: California Health Interview Survey; Olshansky, et al. (2005) Image: http://www.rnw.nl/data/files/images/lead/fat%20boy.jpg

  4. Access Matters • Children that lack access to parks have 20-45% higher odds of becoming overweight or obese compared to those with easy access • Creating or enhancing access to places for physical activity can result in a 25% increase in the percentage of people who exercise at least 3 times/week Source: Glanz & Sallis (2006); Task Force on Community Preventive Services Image: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/82284402/Photodisc

  5. Joint Use • The sharing of school facilities with local communities • Health benefits • Cost benefits • Community benefits Sources: Center for Cities and Schools; Prevention Institute Image: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/84550974/Taxi

  6. Lack of Joint Use • 40% of California school districts do not have joint use partnerships in effect Sources: Center for Cities and Schools; Prevention Institute Image: http://www.mysecuritysign.com/img/lg/K/No-Trespassing-School-Property-Sign-K-2949.gif

  7. Total city population: 397,067 Sources: American Community Survey (2006 estimate); U.S. Census (2010 projection)

  8. Zip code 94601 population: 55,425

  9. Existing Park Space • Zip code 94601 total area: 3.38 sq.mi. Current Situation • Park area: 0.03 sq.mi. • Area of zip code located within 0.25mi of a park: 0.57 sq.mi. • Total coverage (park area + park service area): 0.60 sq.mi. 17.86% of zip code area is within 0.25 miles of a park

  10. ≈18% of zip code area is within 0.25 miles of a park

  11. Proposed Policy Change • Establish joint use agreements with the 8 schools located in zip code 94601 to increase local children’s access to spaces for physical activity

  12. 8 schools total 6 schools are located >0.25 miles from a park It is recommended to establish joint use agreements at all 8 schools, given low student Fitnessgram scores at all 8 schools

  13. California Fitnessgram Categories • 1) Aerobic Capacity • PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) • One-Mile Run • Walk Test (only for ages 13 or older) • 2) Abdominal Strength and Endurance • Curl-Up • 3) Upper Body Strength and Endurance • Push-Up • Modified Pull-Up • Flexed-Arm Hang • 4) Body Composition • Skinfold Measurements • Body Mass Index • Bioelectric Impedance Analyzer • 5) Trunk Extensor Strength and Flexibility • Trunk Lift • 6) Flexibility • Back-Saver Sit and Reach • Shoulder Stretch Source: California Department of Education

  14. Note: Learning Without Limits school was founded in 2009, thus there is no data available from the 2008-2009 Fitnessgram

  15. Adding Spaces for Physical Activity • Zip code 94601 total area: 3.38 sq.mi By adding joint use agreements at 8 schools • Area of zip code located within 0.25mi of schools: 0.70 sq.mi. • New total coverage (parks + park service area + school service area): 1.31 sq.mi. 38.65% of zip code area is within 0.25 miles of a park or school

  16. ≈39% of zip code area is within 0.25 miles of a park or school

  17. Impact of establishing Joint Use agreements at 8 local schools 116% increase in proportion of zip code area covered

  18. Safety Matters • Vehicle speed is the most significant predictor of pedestrian fatality in the event of a collision Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch7en/conc7en/probabilityimpact.html

  19. Safety Matters • Children that must cross several major roads to get to parks are 40-60% less likely than other children to walk or bicycle to parks at least three times per week Source: Timperio A, et al. (2004); Google images

  20. Recommendations • Establish joint use agreements at the following 8 Oakland schools: • ASCEND Elementary School • College Prep & Architecture Academy • Lazear Elementary School • Learning Without Limits • Life Academy • Manzanita Seed • Think College Now Elementary School • Urban Promise Academy • Create a map of “safe routes” to local parks and schools and disseminate via school communications and other appropriate channels

  21. Original Data • Process: • Located 94601 schools on Oakland Unified School District map (OUSD district 5 region 2 encompasses zip code 94601) • Searched OUSD website for school addresses • Geocoded school names and addresses in ArcMap and created a layer file and shapefile

  22. Original Data • Process: • Located Fitnessgram data for 94601 schools on California Department of Education website • Input Fitnessgram into Excel • Created a model to join school shapefile with Fitnessgram data spreadsheet ,and added the resulting parameter to future maps

  23. Metadata for my original “OUSD_94601_ Schools_Fitgram” layer file

  24. Skills Demonstrated • Modeling: created a model to join schools shapefile with Fitnessgram data (slide 25) • Metadata: created a metadata log for “OUSD_94601_Schools_Fitgram.lyr” in ArcCatalog (slide 26) • Measurement/Analysis: measured total area of park space, park service area, and school service area in zip code 94601 (map 4/slide 11 and others) • Original data: created original “OUSD_94601_Schools_Fitgram” layer and shapefile (data shown on map 6/slide 15, process described on slides 23-24) • Chart: created a chart of school Fitnessgram results (map 6/slide 15) • Network Analysis: created new service areas for parks (map 4/slide 11 and others) and schools (map 7/slide 17 and others) in zip code 94610; created new service areas to determine safest routes (map 9/slide 21) • Inset map: created inset maps of California (map 1/slide 7) and Oakland zip codes (map 3/slide 9) • Point graduated symbol: Graduated symbols by color of school Fitnessgram scores (map 6/slide 15) • Attribute sub-sets selections: selected Oakland zip codes from all California zip codes (map 1/slide 7 and others) • Geoprocessing: clipped all California parks to city of Oakland (map 2/slide 8) and to zip code 94601 (map 3/slide 9 and others); clipped Oakland population to zip code 94601 by Census block group (map 3/slide 9 and others) • Geocoding: goecoded addresses of schools in zip code 94601 (map 5/slide 13 and others)

  25. Thank You • Additional resources on joint use available via: • Prevention Institute www.jointuse.org • Public Health Law & Policy: http://www.phlpnet.org/healthy-planning/products/joint_use_toolkit

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