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HOW AND WHY DOES THE BUREAUCRACY SHAPE USFP?

Explore the role of unelected officials in shaping US foreign policy and understand why governments don't simply make rational decisions that bureaucracies then implement. Learn about Graham Allison's models of decision-making, leadership challenges, information acquisition and processing issues, and the impact of democracies on rational decision-making. Discover how organizations and processes shape US foreign policy, the reasons for the existence of bureaucracies in modern states, and the difficulties in organizational learning and change. Delve into the impact of bureaucratic politics on USFP, including players and political capital, parochial priorities and issues, and the consequences of resistance and sabotage.

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HOW AND WHY DOES THE BUREAUCRACY SHAPE USFP?

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  1. HOW AND WHY DOES THE BUREAUCRACY SHAPE USFP? • What role should unelected officials have in USFP?

  2. WHY DON’T GOVERNMENTS RATIONALLY MAKE USFP AND BUREARUCRACIES JUST IMPLEMENT THOSE DECISIONS ? • Graham Allison’s 3 models of US/USSR decisionmakign in the Cuban Missile Crisis: Rationality, organizational process, and bureaucratic politics • Leaders all problems face: • Tardy problem recognition: Much better at seeing current problems than anticipating them; we discount future harm • Information acquisition problems: selective interpretation, cultural lenses/biases & satisficing for example • Information processing problems: misapplying history,, group think, risk strategies • Democracies especially undermine rational decisionmaking: Rapid turnover at the top makes for lots of novice decision makers… Hence the advent of the JFK School of Public Policy

  3. How do Organizations and Processes shape USFP? • Why bureaucracies exist in all modern states? • How do repertoires & SOPs impact issues • Why do we mostly focus on problem directed searches • Organizational learning and change… very hard • Uncertainty avoidance is bad with people and worst with institutions • Limited flexibility and incremental changes are inherent to large bureaucracies (notice that we divided defense up)

  4. HOW Bureaucratic politics IMPACT usfp? • Players and political capital • Parochial priorities and issues: Empire building • Interests, stakes and future power: Where you stand is where you sit • Internal vs. external orientations • Conformity and secrecy • Deference to hierarchy and tradition • Consequences of Bur. politics • Resistance to change • Sabotage of presidential and other bur. Initiatives • Iron triangles

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