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Virtualization

Virtualization. What is Virtualization.

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Virtualization

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  1. Virtualization

  2. What is Virtualization • Virtualization is a technique of partitioning or dividing the resources of a single server into multiple segregated execution environments. Each of these environments runs independently of the other, thus allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same hardware. This concept has been widely used in the world of mainframe computers over the years, and is now gaining a lot of traction in the world of enterprise IT systems. Each execution environment is called a guest and the server on which they execute is called the host. The software running on the host that acts as a bridge between the host and the guests, and that enables these multiple execution environments is commonly referred to as the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) or a Hypervisor.

  3. Why Virtualize? • Server Consolidation (hard and soft costs) • Reduction of Complexity • Isolation • Platform Uniformity • Legacy Support • More effectively manage workloads • Provide reliable testing infrastructure • Faster deployment/provisioning (golden images)

  4. The Virtualization Approach • OS Instances for running specific apps • Fail-over between OS instances • greatly reduces recovery time • Separate components to avoid failure • Enhanced security with “separation” • Auto-provisioning for recovery • Performance penalties

  5. Virtualization Overview • Single OS image: Virtuozo • Group user processes into resource containers • Hard to get strong isolation • Full virtualization: VMware, VirtualPC, QEMU • Run multiple unmodified guest OSes • Hard to efficiently virtualize x86 • Para-virtualization: UML, Xen • Run multiple guest OSes ported to special arch • Arch Xen/x86 is very close to normal x86

  6. Virtual machines • Basic Terminology • Host OS: The OS running on a physical machine • Guest OS: The OS running on a virtual machine • Today different approaches • Full virtualization: Run an unmodified OS • Paravirtualization: Modification of OS for performance • Emulation: Host OS and Guest OS can have different architecture • Hardware support: Intel-VT, AMD-V

  7. XEN • Xen is an open-source paravirtualization technology that provides a platform for running multiple operating systems in parallel on one physical hardware resource, while providing close to native performance. Xen supports several operating systems—Linux

  8. Xen vs VMWare Architecture Guest 1 Guest 2 Parent Guest 1 Guest 2 VMM VMM Host OS Hardware Hardware Xen Based Architecture VMWare Based Architecture

  9. Full virtualization • Full virtualization provides complete abstraction between the hardware and the guest operating system. In this scenario, the guest operating system is provided a complete virtual physical environment in which to run and, as such, is unaware that it is running inside a virtual machine. One advantage of full virtualization is that the operating system does not need to be modified in order to run in a virtualized environment. This means that proprietary operating systems such as Windows can be run on Linux systems. • Disadvantages of full virtualization are that performance is slightly reduced as compared to para-virtualization, and some virtualization platforms, such as Xen, require CPUs with special virtualization support built in (such as Intel-VT and AMD-V).

  10. Para-Virtualization • Para-virtualization requires that a guest operating system be modified to support virtualization. This typically means that guest operating systems are limited to open source systems such as Linux. It is also not possible to migrate a running guest OS from one server to another. The advantage to this approach, however, is that a para-virtualized guest system comes closer to native performance than a fully virtualized guest, and the latest virtualization CPU support is not needed.

  11. Prerequirement • Linux Based O.S. • Hardware support: Intel-VT, AMD-V (for full virtu) • RAM 512 MINIMUM (256 for host and 256 for guest machine) • 2 gb Space in Hard Disk.

  12. Prerequirement (2) • Need to create the yum repository. Follow below steps: • Mkdir /repo • Mount /rhel5.iso /repo -o loop OR • Mount /dev/cdrom /repo • Vi /etc/yum.repos.s/local.repo • name=rhel-base • baseurl=file:///repo/Server/ • enabled=1 • gpgcheck=0 • [rhel-xen] • name=rhel - xen • baseurl=file:///repo/VT/ • enabled=1 • gpgcheck=0

  13. Xen Installation • To install Xen Virtualization run blow command: yum groupinstall virtualization • Need to boot machine with xen kernel. • Verify xen kernel by below command: uname -r '

  14. Creating a Paravirtualized Virtual Machine

  15. Xen Management Console • To start Xen management console, run virt-manager • Application tab --> System Tools --> Virtual Machine Manager

  16. Xen Management Console (2) • This Screen will appear.

  17. Xen Management Console (3) • Click on file menu. • Select the open connection. • This screen will appear. • Click on connect button.

  18. Xen Management Console (4) • This screen will appear. • Here select the localhost and click on new.

  19. Xen Management Console (5) • Click on forward.

  20. Xen Management Console (6) • Select the type of virtualization.

  21. Xen Management Console (7) • Type the name of virtual machine.

  22. Xen Management Console (8) • Address of installation source.

  23. Xen Management Console (9) • Assign hard drive for virtual machine.

  24. Xen Management Console (10) • Select the type of network.

  25. Xen Management Console (11) • Specify the memory for virtual machine.

  26. Xen Management Console (12) • Wizard is completed, now click on finish.

  27. Create a paravirtualized vm from cmd • virt-install \ • --paravirt \ • --name demo \ • --ram 500 \ • --file /var/lib/xen/images/demo.img \ • --file-size 6 \ • --vnc \ • --location http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/6/x86_64/os/

  28. Creating a Full Virtualized Virtual Machine

  29. Xen Management Console • To start Xen management console, run virt-manager • Application tab --> System Tools --> Virtual Machine Manager

  30. Xen Management Console (2) • This Screen will appear.

  31. Xen Management Console (3) • Click on file menu. • Select the open connection. • This screen will appear. • Click on connect button.

  32. Xen Management Console (4) • This screen will appear. • Here select the localhost and click on new.

  33. Xen Management Console (5) • Click on forward.

  34. Xen Management Console (6) • Select the Fully Virtualized Machine

  35. Xen Management Console (7) • Locate the iso file of windows. ORInsert Windows CD. • Select the OS Type. • Select the OS Variant.

  36. Xen Management Console (8) • Assign hard drive for virtual machine.

  37. Xen Management Console (9) • Select the type of network.

  38. Xen Management Console (10) • Specify the memory for virtual machine.

  39. Xen Management Console (11) • Wizard is completed, now click on finish.

  40. Create full virtualized vm from cm • # virt-install \ • --hvm \ • --name demo \ • --ram 500 \ • --nodisk \ • --livecd \ • --vnc \ • --cdrom /root/fedora7live.iso

  41. Xen Resource Management (1) • Connect with localhost.

  42. Xen Resource Management (2) • Click on connect.

  43. Xen Resource Management (3) • This screen will appear. • Select the Guest OS and click on details.

  44. Xen Resource Management (4) • Here we can define the number of cpus.

  45. Xen Resource Management (5) • Here we can set the size of memory.

  46. Xen Resource Management (6) • Here we can add more virtual harddisk.

  47. Xen Resource Management (7) • Here we can add more NIC.

  48. XEN Live Migration • Migrating whole OS with running applications (kernel-internal state and application-level) rather than single processes

  49. Xen Migration type • Red Hat Virtualization includes the capabilities to support migration of para-virtualized guests between Red Hat Virtualization servers. Migration can either be performed in two ways: • Offline mode using the command xm migrate VirtualMachineName HostName. In this mode the virtual machine will be stopped on the original host and restarted on the new host. • Live mode using the --live option for the command xm migrate --live VirtualMachineNameHostName.

  50. Why Xen Migration • Load Balancing. • Move a staging server to live server. • Server mentenance. • Optimize performance of server.

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