CTTT 2008 - Teaching translation: language and technology Braga, Portugal, June 23-27, 2008

1. CTTT 2008 - Teaching translation: language and technology Braga, Portugal, June 23-27, 2008 Terminology Management Assoc Prof Frank Austermühl Centre for Translation and Interpreting Studies The University of Auckland f.austermuehl@auckland.ac.nz

2. Before we Begin … • Terminology Management = Knowledge Management • Empowerment, Quality, ROI • Searching & Evaluating • Integration • Teaching terminology (theory and management) as part of LSP translation practice courses • Teaching terminology and LSP translation principles as part of CAT/documentation courses • Teaching terminology and LSP translation principles as part of contextual studies courses

3. Overview 09.30 – 11:00 • I. Basic Principles of Terminology Management (Lecture) 11:30 – 13:00 • II. Computer-based Terminology Management: Workflow, Concept Systems, Termbase Creation (Workshop) 14:00 – 15:45 and 16:15 – 17:00 • III. Computer-based Terminology Management: Developing, Filling, and Manipulating Termbases in MultiTerm, Word, Workbench (Workshop) 17:00 – 18:00 • IV. Tool Assessment, Quality Assurance, Standards (Lecture and Q&A)

4. Part I: Basic Principles of Terminology Management • What is Terminology? Terminography? • GPL vs SPL )or LGP and LSP) • SPL/LSP and Translation • What is Terminology? Terminography? • What is it not? • What is Phraseology? • Functions and Objectives of Terminology • On Concepts, Designations, and Terms

5. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology 1) Terminology = Terminology Studies The “scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in special languages” (Wright, Budin 1997:327). 2) Terminology = Nomenclature A set of “standardized” terms of a specific domain (i.e. a nomenclature) 3) Terminology = Specialized Vocabulary A set of all terms (i.e. specialized words and word combinations), standardized or not, belonging to a specific domain

6. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology 1) Terminology = Terminology Studies Terminology science is the subject field that investigates the structure, formation, development, usage and management of the terminologies in various subject fields, and that prepares the methodological foundation for many applications. (UNESCO 3). … the study and the field of activity concerned with the collection, description, processing and presentation of terms. (Sager (1990:2) … the scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in special languages” (Wright, Budin 1997:327) 2) Terminology = Nomenclature Set of “standardized” terms of a specific domain System of terms which is elaborated according to pre-established naming rules. (ISO 1087:1990)

7. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology Terminology = Specialized Vocabulary • Set of all terms (i.e. specialized words and word combinations), standardized or not, belonging to a specific domain • Terminology: “set of designations belonging to one special language” (ISO 1087-1:2000) • Designation: “representation of a concept by a sign which denotes it.

8. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology Terminology • Scholarly study of the concepts and terms found in special languages Terminography • Acquisition, compilation and management of terms” (L’Homme 2004:15) • The recording, processing and presentation of terminological data acquired by terminological research“ (Wright, Budin 1997:327)

9. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology Lexicology • Wissenschaft vom Wortschatz (DIN 2342) • The study of words, the relations between words (i.e. semantical relations), and the whole lexicon (Wikipedia) Lexicography • The act of writing dictionaries (Wordnet Princeton) • Die geordnete Darstellung von Wortschatz auf der Grundlage der in der Lexikologie gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sowie die Lehre von der Darstellung des Wortschatzes. (DIN 2342)

10. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology Phraseology • Set of fixed (or nearly fixed) phrases (i.e. a combination of at least to LSP elements) of a discipline (see Arntz, Picht, Meyer 2004:34)

11. I. Basic Principles – Terminology and Translation • LSP and LPG • Terminology and LPS • General functions of terminology • Translation-specific functions and objectives of Terminology

12. I. Basic Principles – Terminology and Translation LSP and LGP • Language for Special Purposes (LSP), or Special purpose language (SPL) or Specialized Language means the language used by expert communities with a greater or smaller share of terminology and domain-specific linguistic conventions. • LSP used in specialized communication, implemented in texts (oral and written) • Horizontal vs. vertical organization of specialized communication • Internal, interdisciplinary, external • Terminology as „compressed specialized texts“ (Schmitt 2006:303)

13. I. Basic Principles – Terminology and Translation LSP and Terminology • Terminology crucial wherever and whenever domain-specific information and knowledge is: • generated (e.g. in research and development); • used (e.g. in specialized texts); • recorded and processed (e.g. in databases); • passed on (via training and teaching); • implemented (e.g. in technology and knowledge transfer); • translated and interpreted. (UNESCO 2)

14. I. Basic Principles – Terminology and Translation General Functions of Terminology • Basic elements carrying meaning in domain communication • Ordering of scientific-technical knowledge at the level of concepts • Access to other representations of specialized information and knowledge (Infoterm “Standing”)

15. I. Basic Principles – Terminology and Translation Translation-specific Functions of Terminology • Provide: CKU • Context, Knowledge, Usage • Ensure CCU: • Correct, Consistent, Unambiguous • Allow XS: • Access to Specialized Information, to Specialized Communities

16. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology Concepts and Designations • In specialized communication—whether written or spoken—concepts constitute the smallest units used to communicate specialized knowledge and information. (Galinski and Picht 1997:42) • The units can be represented by verbal terms, nonverbal signs, alphanumeric characters or character strings, and a variety of hybrid forms. (ibid.)

17. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology Concept • Mental image, abstraction of one “thing,” i.e. one object (individual concept) • Mental grouping of a number of different objects based on shared properties (general concept) • Concepts are “pre-language” Designation • Representation of a concept through image, sign, formula, number, code, term … • Attributed to a concept by the members of a special language community

18. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology Term • Verbal designation of a concept • Sometimes: term = concept + designation • Terminological Unit (see next slide) Definition • Verbal description of a concept

19. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology • Terminological Units • Single-word terms • Compound or Multiword terms • Nominal multiword term (Noun Phrases) • Set phrases • Collocations (“run a query • Standard Texts (Boilerplate Texts) • Abbreviated Forms • Canonical Forms • (no capitalization, singular form, unless) • no articles, gender as attribute, verb as Infinitive (no “to”) • Spoken form (electronic), inverted, permuted (print)

20. I. Basic Principles – The Terminology of Terminology • Descriptive Terminography • Document all terms send to designate the concepts treated in a single discipline” • It is not the purpose of this kind of terminology management to prescribe usage, but rather to document all the terms that occur or are suggested for a concept” (Wright 1997:18) • Systematic vs Ad-hoc • Teaching vs. practice

21. I. Basic Principles – Concept Systems • Types of Concept Relations • Hierarchical • Generic • Partitive (meronymic) • Non-hierarchical • Sequential • Functional • Associative

22. I. Basic Principles – Concept Systems • Generic Concept System (Tree Diagram) Printer g matrix printer ink-jet printer Laser printer black and white laser printer color laser printer

23. I. Basic Principles – Concept Systems • Partitive Concept System (Bracket Diagram)

24. I. Basic Principles – Concept Systems • Sequential/Functional Concept System (Flow Chart) Source: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/laser-printer1.htm

25. I. Basic Principles – Concept Systems • Associative Concept System (Mind Map)

26. I. Basic Principles – Concept Systems • Superordinate Concept • printer • Term • ink-jet printer • Subordinate Concepts • bubble-jet printer • Coordinate Concept • laser printer • matrix printer • full-color document

27. Part II - Workshop

28. II. Terminology Management – Forms and Phases • Main Phases of Terminography: • Planning (Concept Systems) • Database Creation Creating Databases, Defining Entry Structures • Searching and Evaluating DIY Corpus • Managing Entering Data, Retrieving Data, Modifying Data … • Publication

29. II. Terminology Management – Terminology Project • Identification of discipline / sub-discipline • Creation of concept system, identification of sub-concept system (abstraction system, content system, chronological approach, etc.) • Creation of folder structure for sub-discipline, texts and graphics • Retrieving of parallel texts (DIY corpus) • Solving specific terminological problems (using online, offline sources, and DIY corpus) • Create Termbase with MultiTerm • Enter data (-> Termbase) • Combine terms, and sub-concept systems • Publish glossaries (print, online) • Use termbase (Word, Workbench)

30. Phase 1 • Terminology Planning • Create a concept system (“Computer System”)

31. application camera cache CD-WORM compact disc computer CPU DRAM DVD floppy global-area network hard disk hardware ink-jet printer input Internet keyboard laser printer LCD screen local-area network speaker matrix printer microphone monitor mouse network operating system output plotter printer processing Qwerty RAM ROM scanner software storage systems software transfer USB stick WLAN Word

32. Concepts Systems with MindManager

33. Phase 1 • Computer-based Terminology Management • Create a MultiTerm database

34. Types of Terminology Management • File cards • Lists in word processors (e.g. WinWord or Word Perfect) • Spreadsheets (e.g. Excel or 1,2,3) • Database management systems (e.g. MS Access) • Terminology management systems • Integrated (e.g. crossTerm, Déjà Vu) • Hybrid (Integrated or Stand-alone): MultiTerm • Stand-alone: Look Up

35. Phase 2 • Database Creation • What data is to be stored in the database? • How should the information be displayed?

36. The Terminological Data Entry – Basic Categories • Linguistic (designation-specific) • Encyclopedic (concept-specific) • Translational • Administrative

37. The Importance of Terminology Management Translational Data TMS Encyclopedic Data Linguistic Data Administrative Data

38. A Terminological Entry – Contents?

39. A Terminological Entry - Example Author Project Subject English (Source) Definition (Source) See Portuguese (Source) Image

40. Basis Database Elements File card box Object type Database/File File card Object Data set / record Line Object attribute Data field

41. Database Design Questions • What objects are to be described? • Terms • How can these objects be described? • English designation, image, gender, pronunciation, … • Definition of data fields • English, Portuguese, Definition, Image, Collocation, …. • Definition of data field type • Text, Media, Attribute, … • Definition of field attributes • Gender -> m., n., f. • Subject Area: Law, Medicine, Telecom, …

42. MS Access – Basic Elements • Table – Central 'data collection structure' • Form – Input and display of data • Query – Retrieve data, create glossaries • Report – Print data • Macros/Modules – Automate routine procedures

43. Steps in Creating a Database with MS Access Create a new (empty) database (with our without Wizard) Chose file name Create new table in design view Enter field names Define data field types Define field attributes Describe fields Define primary key Save design Create form (AutoForm)

44. MS Access – Advanced Features • Queries (data selection, filtering) • Design • Run • Reports (printing glossaries) • Access / Word cooperation • HTML output • Importing data (e.g. from Excel)

45. Task • Database Creation • Create a MultiTerm Database

46. … but first … See Sample Termbase (-> macro and micro structure of MT iX)

47. Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Termbase Definition 1/2 • Termbase / Create Termbase • Select Folder (TDB) • Start Termbase Wizard • Select Option 1 “Create a new termbase definition from scratch” • Enter Termbase Name • Add/Remove Working Languages/Index Fields (“Portuguese,” “Spanish”) • Add Descriptive Fields: Author, Project, Subject, Source, Definition, Link, Image

48. Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Termbase Definition 2/2 • Modify Properties for “Source” (Picklist) • Add “Hardware” and “Software” to Picklist • Modify Properties for “Image” (Multimedia File) • Create Entry Structure • Entry Level: Author, Project, Subject, Image • Index Level: Definition • Term Level: Link All That for Nothing ???

49. Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Creating an Input Model 1/2 • Entry / Input Models … • Create … • Start Input Model Wizard • Enter Input Model Name • Right-click on “Entry level” • Add Entry Level Fields: Author, Project, Subject, English, Portuguese, Image • Right-click on “English” • Add Fields: Definition • Right-click on “Term” (for English) • Add Fields: Source. Link • Repeat Last 2 steps for Portuguese

50. Creating a Database with MultiTerm – Creating an Input Model 2/2 • Enter “Default Content” for “Author” and “Project” • Select Default Value for “Subject” • Click “Preview” • (Modify Input Model if Needed) • Click “Next” and “Finish” • Select New Input Model and Click “OK” Still nothing !!! • F3