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Title. “ Ultracold gases – from the experimenters’ perspective (II) ” Wolfgang Ketterle Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms 7/13/06 Innsbruck ICAP Summer School. Subtitle. Bose-Einstein condensation. Ideal Bose gas

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  1. Title “Ultracold gases – from the experimenters’ perspective (II)” Wolfgang Ketterle Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms 7/13/06 Innsbruck ICAP Summer School

  2. Subtitle • Bose-Einstein condensation • Ideal Bose gas • Weakly interacting homogenous Bose gas • Inhomogeneous Bose gas • Superfluid hydrodynamics

  3. Subtitle • Ideal BEC

  4. BEC B&W The shadow of a cloud of bosonsas the temperature is decreased (Ballistic expansion for a fixed time-of-flight) Temperature is linearly related to the rf frequency which controls the evaporation

  5. BEC at JILA and MIT BEC @ JILA, June ‘95(Rubidium) BEC @ MIT, Sept. ‘95 (Sodium)

  6. Mixed cloud in phase contrast

  7. Condensate fraction 1-(T/Tc)3

  8. Subtitle • Homogeneous BEC

  9. Sound propagation Propagation of sound

  10. Exciting sound I Excitation of sound

  11. Exciting sound I Excitation of sound

  12. Exciting sound I Excitation of sound

  13. Sound propagation Laser beam Sound = propagating density perturbations 1.3 ms per frame

  14. Speed of sound results (M. Andrews, D.M. Kurn, H.-J. Miesner, D.S. Durfee,C.G. Townsend, S. Inouye, W.K., PRL 79, 549 (1997))

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