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You will learn …

You will learn …. The need for planning in Singapore The economic problems Singapore faced from the 1960s to the 1980s How Singapore solved these problems. The Need for Planning Labour-Intensive Industries (1960s to late 1970s) Door Opened to MNCs Incentives to attract Foreign Investors

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You will learn …

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  1. You will learn … • The need for planning in Singapore • The economic problems Singapore faced from the 1960s to the 1980s • How Singapore solved these problems

  2. The Need for Planning • Labour-Intensive Industries (1960s to late 1970s) • Door Opened to MNCs • Incentives to attract Foreign Investors • A peaceful and skilled workforce • Locations of Industries • Support Facilities • Results of Industrial Development • Benefits • Problems of Pollution • Industrial Restructuring • Reasons for I.R. • What is I.R.? • Strategies of I.R. • Conclusion

  3. THE NEED FOR PLANNING • To solve unemployment problems • What does planning involve? • Identify the problems • Think of solutions to the problems • Implement the solutions • Examine results to see if problems have been solved

  4. THE NEED FOR PLANNING • Finding solutions = identify strengths and weaknesses of Sgp • Strength 1 : Strategic geographical location • Strength 2 : An established ship-repair industry in 1950s • Developed Sgp’s harbour into a world-class seaport • Make up for shrinking entrepot trade

  5. THE NEED FOR PLANNING • Planning enhances efficiency • Sgp’s constraint of small land area – requires careful planning for various uses • New developments affects planning • Plans must be changed with new challenges • Eg pre and post-1965

  6. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) • Sgp’s solution to unemployment • Labour-intensive manufacturing industries • Assembly plants that employed large workforce • Largest portion of product cost is wages • Eg Electronics and electrical industry, textile industry

  7. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) Pineapple Canning during the 1950s and 1960s

  8. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) 2.1 Door Open to MNCs • MNCs keen to set up factories in developing countries • Labour was cheap • Sgp willling to learn from them MNCs : Very large foreign companies doing business in many different countries

  9. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) 2.1 Door Open to MNCs • Other NICs reluctant to do so; developing own industries • Fear control and over-dependence on MNCs • Turned MNCs attention to Sgp as a more favourable location

  10. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) 2.2 Incentives to Attract Foreign Investors • EDB set up in 1961 : Successful in attracting foreign investments because • Savings in labour costs • Incentives • Pioneer Certificates • Exemption from tax for 5 years or more • Policies were not changed unnecessarily or frequently

  11. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s)

  12. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) PA Strike 1961 2.3 A Peaceful & Skilled Workforce • Industrial Peace • 1961 : 400,000 mandays lost because of work stoppages • 1968 : New labour law to maintain industrial peace

  13. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) 2.3 A Peaceful & Skilled Workforce • Labour Cost & Working Conditions • Industrial Arbitration Court (IAC) in 1960 • National Trade Union Congress (NTUC) in 1961 • National Wages Council (NWC) in 1972 • Technical Education & Skills Training • Technical Education in 1969 • Training Institutes • Industrial Training Schemes

  14. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s)

  15. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) 2.4 Location of Industries • Jurong Town Council in 1968 • Reduced time needed to set up factories • Location shows careful planning by govt • Light industries • Labour-intensive industries • Heavy industries

  16. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s)

  17. LABOUR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRIES (60s-late 70s) 2.5 Support Facilities • Transport & Communications • Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) in 1964 • Paya Lebar Airport expanded • Major communications centre • Banking & Financial Services • Development Bank of Singapore (DBS) in 1964

  18. RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Benefits • Unemployment reduced from 8.7% in 1965 to 4.5% in 1975 • Total income : $3m in 1965 to $13.5m in 1975 • Average income : $1,618 in 1965 to $5,903 in 1975

  19. RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 3.2 Problem of Pollution • Laws to control pollution of land, water and air

  20. INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING (Late 1970s to 1980s) 4.1 Reasons for Industrial Restructuring • Serious Labour Shortage • Competition from other countries

  21. INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING (Late 1970s to 1980s) 4.2 What is Industrial Restructuring? • Labour-intensive to capital-intensive industries • Low-tech to high-tech industries • Low value-added to high value-added industries

  22. INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING (Late 1970s to 1980s) 4.3 Strategies of Industrial Restructuring • Higher wages • Productivity Campaigns • New Focus in Education & Training • Increased Emphasis on Research & Development • New & Better Industrial Facilities • Better Support Services

  23. conclusion

  24. CONCLUSION Important to be practical, efficient & far-sighted Economic development has strengthened Singapore’s security Cherish our achievements & build upon it

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