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Unit 1: FICTION/SHORT STORIES. VOCABULARY. Fiction - tells an imaginary story; the author may write about real characters, but he develops imaginary situations; the characters can be human, animal, imaginary, or a combination of the three; read for pleasure.
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Unit 1: FICTION/SHORT STORIES VOCABULARY
Fiction- tells an imaginary story; the author may write about real characters, but he develops imaginary situations; the characters can be human, animal, imaginary, or a combination of the three; read for pleasure.
Character- the central figure in the story; it can be a person or an animal; developed through appearance, thought and speech.Types of characters:Protagonist – the hero in the story; the good guyAntagonist – the person against the hero; the bad guy
Static character – stays the same throughout the story; he/she does not learn or grow in any wayDynamic character – changes because of what happens to him or her.
Setting - tells when and where the story takes place; can be real; contemporary; imaginary; historical, or fanciful.
Characterization is the method used by a writer • to develop a character. The method includes • showing the character's appearance, • displaying the character's actions, • revealing the character's thoughts, • letting the character speak, and • getting the reactions of others.
Plot- the events that take place within a story and the effect they have on the characters.Five Parts of a Plot:Exposition – gives background information, tells where the story takes place, and usually introduces the characters.Rising action – reveals the problem/s or conflict/s in the story
Climax – the turning point in the story. It’s the most intense or suspenseful part ofthe storyFalling action – explains the result of the conflict.Resolution – how the story ends
Point of View – the position from which the author/writer tells the story. First person – the character tells the story. Uses pronouns I, me …Third person – an outside person who is observing the story tells what happened. Uses the pronouns he, she, they…
Third Person Omniscient – a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story. Third person limited - is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of a single character, while other characters are presented externally.
Conflict -The problem in the story Man vs. man Ex:____________________________________________________________ Man vs. nature Ex:____________________________________________________________ Man vs. self Ex:_____________________________________________________________ Man vs. society Ex:______________________________________________________________
Theme- the lesson the author intended for the reader to learn; evolves from the events in the story.
Metaphor - a figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using “like” or “as.” It is state as a fact. Ex: My brotheris a bear in the morning.My boss is a snake. Simile – A figure of speech that compares two unlike things using “like” or “as”. Ex: My sister is as tall as a tree.
Imagery: language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching. Example: The crystal clear, ice cold stream cut through the jagged edges of the canyon. Flashback: action that interrupts the normal chronological order, to show an event that happened at an earlier time which is necessary to better understanding. Example: Have you seen the movie “Ray”? In that movie, the audience was continuously taken back into Ray Charles’ childhood.
Foreshadowing: hints or clues that a writer uses to suggest what will happen next in a story. Example: While watching a scary movie, the music gets more intense. Dialogue - a conversation between two or more characters in a story. Personification– the description of a nonhuman object as if it had human qualities. Example: The wind works and whispers on cold and windy days.
Idiom – a phrase that has a special meaning different from the meanings of the individual words. Example: Button your lips – effectively convey the idea of being quiet.)
TYPES OF FICTION • Short story- brief form of fiction; plot is less complicated and revolves around one single event. It can usually be read in one sitting. • Biographical fiction- the writing of someone’s life by someone other than that person Realistic fiction- a story that is made up and has events that could actually be TRUE. The characters do not have extraordinary capabilities. Historical fiction- a made up story based on historical events or people
Fanciful fiction- imaginative writing; whimsical in nature (Fantasy)Fable- a short story that teaches a lesson or moral; the characters are usually animals; deals with everyday problems people face. (ex. The tortoise and the hare)Folktales- A traditional narrative, usually anonymous, handed down orally — e.g., fables, fairy tales, jokes, etc.Tall tale- form of folklore that grew out of American frontier life; humorous imaginative story in which characters and events are extremely exaggerated.Legend- set in the present or in the historical past. Although legends may have religious implications, most are not religious in nature. They distort the truth, but they are based on real people or events.
Myth- stories that explain how something was created or why something happened; usually involves gods or goddesses.Drama- commonly known as “plays.” Two main types are: tragedy- a serious drama in which the hero struggles against some form of evil and comedy- lighthearted drama where the main purpose is to make the audience laugh. Satires (Humor) – the purpose is to expose and make fun a behavior that is wrong, silly, outdatedor even harmful.Mystery- a story based on a puzzling crime. It takes the reader on a long journey of suspense and excitement.
