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Chapter Thirteen: Russia and Its Neighbors

Chapter Thirteen: Russia and Its Neighbors. Section Three: Russia’s Southern Neighbors. Main Idea Many different ethnic groups live in the Eurasian Republics. Guide to Reading. Key Terms ethnic conflict nomad oasis elevation. Did You Know?.

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Chapter Thirteen: Russia and Its Neighbors

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  1. Chapter Thirteen:Russia and Its Neighbors Section Three: Russia’s Southern Neighbors

  2. Main Idea Many different ethnic groups live in the Eurasian Republics. Guide to Reading • Key Terms • ethnic conflict • nomad • oasis • elevation

  3. Did You Know? • Armenians place great importance on hospitality and on close family ties. Often, more than two generations of a family live together. In the cities, many women hold jobs outside the home, but they still do most of the housework and shopping.

  4. The Caucuses • The republics of the Caucasus republics of the Caucasus include Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. • All of these countries were controlled by the USSR, they gained their independence in 1991 • This region is in Central Asia

  5. Georgia Azerbaijan Armenia

  6. The Caucuses • Christian Armenians live in Azerbaijan but want to become part of Armenia. • This dispute caused Azerbaijan to cut off needed supplies of fuel and other resources to Armenia. • Both countries’ economies were seriously hurt by the conflict.

  7. The Caucuses • The Azeris are Muslims who speak their own language called Azeri.

  8. The Caucuses • Georgia has also been hurt by ethnic conflict. • Ethnic Conflict: disagreements or fights between two or more groups who differ from each other • This has made it difficult for Georgia to become a democracy • The dominant majority of Georgians are Christian and speak a Georgian, unique language.

  9. Discussion Question • What republics are included in the republics of the Caucuses? • What employment skills are practiced by Azeris and Georgians?

  10. The Central Asian Republics • The Central Asian Republics include • Kazakhstan [kah-zahk-stahn] • Uzbekistan [ooz-bek-uh-stan] • Turkmenistan [turk-me-nuh-stan] • Tajikistan [tuh-jik-uh-stan] • Kyrgyzstan [kir-gi-stahn] • All five are Islamic • All five were controlled by the Soviet Union from 1924-1991

  11. The Central Asian Republics • The Kazakhstan ancestors were Nomadic horse-riding warriors called the Mongols. • Nomad: people who move from place to place, and do not have permanent homes • In the mid-1900s, many Russians moved to this area to enforce Communist laws. • This ruined their natural resources very quickly

  12. Kazakhstan

  13. The Central Asian Republics • Uzbekistan was formed in 1747 • It is roughly about the size of California • Uzbekistan is one of the world’s largest cotton producers, but this has had a disastrous effect on the environment, particularly on the Aral Sea. • Most of their 25.1 Million people live in fertile valleys and oases • Oasis: A green area in a desert that receives water from a spring • The area was once part of the Silk road, this connected them to China and Europe

  14. Uzbekistan

  15. Homework • The Republic of Caucuses include what 3 Countries • What country use to control all of Central Asia? • What is an Ethnic Conflict? • What is the main religion in Central Asia? • What kind of people were the Kazakhstan ancestors?

  16. The Central Asian Republics • Kyrgyzstan has few industries, but it does have valuable deposits of mercury and gold. • Mountain ranges make up most of the country • Their climate depends on the area’s height above sea level, or ELEVAION • Most of the population is Bilingual (They can speak two languages)

  17. The Central Asian Republics • Kyrgyzstan has two official languages. • These are Kirghiz, related to Turkish, and Russian. • Evidence of human presence over 200,000 years ago • People of the area were categorized as being red haired, blue eyes, an pale skin • Located in between Kazakhstan and China

  18. Kyrgyzstan

  19. The Central Asian Republics • Agriculture is the most important activity in Tajikistan—especially cotton, rice, and fruits. • The area has been inhabited since 4000 BC as part of the Persian Empire • Smallest and Poorest Country in Central Asia

  20. The Central Asian Republics • In 1992 a bitter civil war broke out between rival clans (Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan) in Tajikistan. • Despite a peace agreement in 1997, tensions still remain high.

  21. Tajikistan

  22. The Central Asian Republics • About 85% of Turkmenistan is part of a huge desert called the Garagum. • Located West of the Caspian Sea • Formed by turkic-speaking people from Mongolia • One of the world leading exporters of Oil • Worlds 3rd largest Oil Reserves

  23. The Central Asian Republics • In spite of having a democratic constitution, the current president of Turkmenistan retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. • In 1999, their president renamed the Democratic Part, the Communist Party

  24. Turkmenistan

  25. Discussion Question • Why do most Turkmen live along the southern border? • Why is Turkmenistan important to world energy markets?

  26. Homework • What makes up most of Kyrgyzstan? • What is the most important activity in Tajikistan • What two rival clans were involved in the Tajikistan Civil War. • 85% of Turkmenistan consists of what? • In 1999 the president of Turkmenistan changed their political party from Democratic to What?

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