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Environment

Environment. Meram Ticaret Meslek Lisesi, Konya 2011. Human Rights & Environment. Rights inherent in our nature as human beings and without which we cannot live as human beings First Generation Political and Civil Second Generation Social, Economic and Cultural Third Generation -

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Environment

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  1. Environment Meram Ticaret Meslek Lisesi, Konya 2011

  2. Human Rights & Environment Rights inherent in our nature as human beings and without which we cannot live as human beings • First Generation • Political and Civil • Second Generation • Social, Economic and Cultural • Third Generation - • Development • Environment • Peace • Access to Resources, information

  3. What is Environment Your environment is the sum total of everything outside you (Internal environment ?). It includes • Living and nonliving things • Natural and man-made • Physical, Biological, Psychological…

  4. Environmental Damage Today • We are losing • 300km2 of rainforest, (1 acre / second) • 186km2land due to desertification, • 40 to 100 species • And we are adding • 250,000 people • 2,700 tons of CFC (chlorofluorocarbons) • 15 million tons of carbon. Tonight the Earth will be a little hotter, its waters more acidic, and the fabric of life more threadbare."

  5. Global Ecological foot prints

  6. Importance of Environment • Natural Environment • is Responsible for life on earth • Evolved through millions of years of evolution • Provides Invaluable Ecosystem services

  7. Ecosystem services • Oxygen and water • Detoxification and decomposition of wastes • Conserve soils and their fertility • Pollination of flowers & Dispersal of seeds • Protection from the ultraviolet rays • Maintenance of biodiversity • Moderation of weather extremes and their impacts • Provision of aesthetic beauty and intellectual and spiritual stimulation for the human spirit

  8. Threats to Environment • Severest threat is from us, humans • Pollution • Air, water, Soil, solid wastes, effluents • Destruction of Natural Habitats • Deforestation, Hunting, reclamation, • Alter the Environment • Green house Gases, Ozone depleting substances • Natural calamities • Earth Quakes, Forest fires, Volcanoes, Cyclones, ….

  9. Residues & Wastes from Humans • Factors contributing • urbanization • industrialization • human population growth • production and use of disposable products

  10. Hazardous Waste Wastes potentially dangerous to life/ environment • Management • Secured landfill - least expensive • Deep well injection • Incineration of Hazardous waste • Hazardous Waste Recycling and Neutralization • Source Reduction

  11. Agriculture One of the largest environmental Damage over the last 10,000 years

  12. Pollution • Air/ Atmosphere • CO2, SO2, NO, CFC, • Water • Industrial effluents, Sewage, Pesticides, Fertilizers, • Soil • Solid wastes, Effluents, sewage, … • Noise pollution, Radiation

  13. Pollution & Damage to Life • Natural Flora and Fauna • Forests, Wildlife • Human beings, domestic animals, plants • Health impacts • Physical, Mental, Social, Spiritual

  14. Radiation • Nuclear weapons and power plants • Danger • damage living cells & tissues • Nuclear waste disposal is highly controversial

  15. Noise Pollution Measure by annoyance factor • Frequency • cycles per second • hertz • vibrations per second • Amplitude • decibels (dB) • Noise abatement • Policy - Noise Control Act of 1972 • Education programs • Environmental changes

  16. Hunting/ Poaching • Trade in tiger bone • Major factor that threatens survival • Used for thousands of years in Asian medicine for treatment of rheumatism • Ivory trade • Decimated Indian Elephant populations and skewed sex ratio Tiger bone wine

  17. Shrinking ranges Asian Elephant Bengal Tiger Siberian Tiger

  18. Endangered Indian Wildlife

  19. Therapeutic pollution

  20. Environmental Rights • Environmental Damages • Caused by the Rich and Powerful • Rich/developed Nations, Corporates, Industries • Affect the poor and Marginalised • Developing countries, laborers, tribals, • Environmental services and ill-effects are disproportionately distributed

  21. Environmental Laws • Indian Forest Act 1927 • Wildlife protection Act 1972 • Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1977 • Forest Conservation Act 1980 • Environmental Protection Act 1986 • CRZ Rules 1992 • EIA Notification 1994 • Article 51(A)g of the Constitution Precautionary & Pollutor-pays principles, Sustainability

  22. Env. Protection Rules 1986 • Overarching legislation • Give powers to Pollution Control Boards • Industry siting regulations • Environmental Labs, Govt. Analysts • Restrict use of Hazardous substances • Yearly Env Audit reports by Industries

  23. EIA Notification 1994 • EC for all 29(+2) types of listed industries • Clause for Public Hearing • For clearance • EIA/EMP reports • Risk analysis Report • NOC from SPCB • Electricity, Water commitments • Filled questionnairs for Env appraisal • Rehabilitation plan (if > 1000 people affected)

  24. Tradition of Conservation • Animal worship • Snake, Peacock, Rat, Cow, • Sacred groves • Sthala Vruksha Concept, • Sacred flowers, leaves etc for Pooja • Bishnoy Community • Known to lay down lives for plants/wildlife • Budhism and Gandhism & Universal Brotherhood concepts • Emperor Ashoka established Animal Hospitals in 3rd Century BC

  25. Man-Animal Conflicts • Examples • Leopard menace at Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivili • our interference with the wildlife habitats • Crop raiding by elephants • Destruction of Wildlife Corridors • Bharatpur (Keoladeo National Park) • Wrong conservation decisions avoiding people

  26. Myth and Reality “Nature conservation is Against development ?” • Truth • Ultimately no development is sustainable without taking care of Nature, • On the other hand people participation is vital • Sustainable Development • “Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”* *World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future

  27. How can we help Environment • Practise the 3Rs Reduce Reuse & Recycle • Avoid Wildlife products • Avoid Ivory, Fur, leather, etc, • Minimise the use of wooden/paper materials. • Avoid Non-bio degradables; Plastics, • Plant trees/plants • Participate in decision making through EIAs • Respond positively to conservation efforts • Join hands with concerned organizations which are working for Environment

  28. Contd… • Visit Natural forests and Sanctuaries and feel the Environment at its natural state • Recognize everyone's right to have equal share of environmental resources and risks • Spread the conservation message • Think beyond Economics – • Ethics, Human rights, Ecofriedly nature of products • Be aware of laws and react to violations

  29. Thank you

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