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Embedded Computer

Embedded Computer. Curs 1. Introducere , motivatie Arhitecturi DSC Microchip Arhitecturi Freescale Bibliografie. What is an Embedded Computer ?. Any electronic device that incorporates a computer in its implementation.

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Embedded Computer

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  1. Embedded Computer Curs 1 • Introducere , motivatie • Arhitecturi DSC Microchip • Arhitecturi Freescale • Bibliografie

  2. What is an Embedded Computer ? • Any electronic device that incorporates a computer in its implementation. • The user of the device is often not even aware that a computer is present. • The computer is used primarily to provide flexibility and to simplify the system design.

  3. Examples: Product: Sonicare Elite toothbrush. Microprocessor: 8-bit Has a programmable speed control, timer, and charge gauge

  4. Product: Any PC Mouse, Keyboard, or USB DeviceMicroprocessor: 8-bit Microcontroller

  5. Product: Any Disk DriveMicroprocessor: Dual 32-bit Marvel ARM SOC & mixed signal DSP

  6. Product: Any PrinterMicroprocessor: Intel, Motorola, or ARM 32-bit RISC

  7. Product: Creative Labs Zen Vision:M Video & MP3 Player. Microprocessor: TI TMS320 DSP

  8. Product: Cannon EOS 30D Digital Camera Microprocessor: DIGIC II Image Processor

  9. Product: NASA's Twin Mars Rovers.Microprocessor: Radiation Hardened20Mhz PowerPCCommercial Real-time OSSoftware and OS was developed during multi-year flight to Mars and downloaded using a radio link

  10. Product: Sony Aibo ERS-7 Robotic Dog.Microprocessor: 64-bit MIPS R7000.OS: Aperios - Sony’s Real Time OSUsed in Robocup Soccer Teams

  11. Product: Radiant Systems Point-of-Sale (POS) TerminalMicroprocessor: Intel X86 CeleronOS: Windows XP Embedded

  12. Product: Microsoft’s Smart Personal Object Technology (SPOT) watchMicroprocessor: 32-bit ARM with FM Radio ChipDownloads News using extra bandwidth on FM radio stations in major cities

  13. Product: Kuka Industrial Robot ArmMicroprocessor: X86OS: Windows CE OS & Others Kuka robot arms welding a Mercedes

  14. Product: Pavion Portable GPS Navigation & Multimedia SystemMicroprocessor: ARM , DSPOS: Windows CEAlso plays MP3s and Videos

  15. Product: HP iPAQ Pocket PCMicroprocessor: Marvel XSCALE (ARM)OS: Windows CE

  16. Product: Motorola Q Pocket PC Phone Microprocessor: TI OMAP (ARM+DSP)OS: Windows Mobile 5.0 (Windows CE OS)

  17. Product: Dresser Wayne Ovation iX Gas PumpMicroprocessor: Marvel Xscale (ARM)OS: Windows CEDisplays video ads &is networked to a gas station’s back office computer system. Also has remote maintenance features.

  18. Product: Gumstix Connex Embedded Computer Board(size of a stick of gum)Microprocessor: Marvel 400Mhz XscaleOS: DrumStix community project developing a BSP for Windows CEGreat low-power CE target board for student projects.

  19. More Examples I

  20. More Examples II

  21. More Examples III

  22. Importance of Embedded Computer • Ratio of Embedded Devices / Desktop PCs is greater than 100 • The typical house may contain over 50 embedded processors • A high-end car can have over 50 embedded processors • Embedded systems account for the most of the world’s production of microprocessors!

  23. Embedded Computer Goals • Reliability • Can’t Crash, may not be able to reboot • Can’t update many embedded devices • Performance & Power • Real-time issues in many applications • May need to run on battery power • Limited memory and processing power • Cost • Fast time to market on new products • Consumer Products are very cost competitive

  24. Real-Time System A real-time system responds to events. Process New Data External Input Event External Output Event Example:An Automobile airbag system. When the airbag’s motion sensors detect a collision, the system needs to respond by deploying the airbag within 10ms or less. – or the system fails!

  25. Real-Time System • A real-time system must respond to external inputs and produce new outputs in a limited amount of time. • The response time needs to be bounded. Response times that are too long cause real-time systems to fail. • General purpose desktop Operating Systems are not designed for real-time use • Real-time Operating Systems need to be initially designed for real-time use in order to provide fast bounded response times

  26. Multi-Tasking and Scheduling • Many embedded systems are real-time systems with several inputs and outputs. Multiple events are occurring independently. • Programming is simplified by separating the tasks, but this requires the CPU to switch back and forth among the different tasks • An operating system that supports multitasking has features to time slice the CPU among multiple tasks. • OS provides Synchronization Primitives

  27. OS in an embedded device • Support for multitasking, scheduling, and synchronization • Support for a wide range of I/O devices • Support for file systems • Scheduling and buffering of I/O operations • Support for networking • Memory management • Support for graphics displays • Security and Power Management

  28. What is actually being used in New Embedded Designs? • What Types of Processors are used? • What Operating Systems are used? • What Programming Languages are used? • Will examine data from a 2008 Market Survey of design engineers by EETimes and Embedded Systems Design Magazine ( Ce vom facem la scoala ? )

  29. Processor Bit Size Used in New Embedded Designs Data was derived from EETimes and Embedded Systems Design Magazine 2006 Embedded Market Survey

  30. Processor Architectures Widely Used in New Embedded Designs • ARM • X86 • PowerPC • MIPS • Xscale (ARM) • Renesas SuperH

  31. 32-64 bit Annual Processor Sales Based on 2002 sales data

  32. Number of Processors Used in New Embedded Designs Data was derived from EETimes and Embedded Systems Design Magazine 2006 Embedded Market Survey

  33. Programming Languages Used in New Embedded Designs Data was derived from EETimes and Embedded Systems Design Magazine 2006 Embedded Market Survey

  34. Conclusions • Embedded devices can be found everywhere in large numbers! • Most new devices are using 32-bit processors • Most new devices with an OS use a commercial off-the-shelf OS • The C family (C, C++, C#) is the most widely used language for embedded systems

  35. Terminologie Computer, RISC, CISC, embedded Harvard – von Neuman CPU, MCU, DSP, DSC

  36. Univers Embedded Computing

  37. Structura curs

  38. Structura laborator

  39. ARM Ltd ARM is short for Advanced Risc Machines Ltd. • Founded 1990, owned by Acorn, Apple and VLSI • Known before becoming ARM as computer manufacturer • Acorn which developed a 32-bit RISC processor for it’s own use (used in Acorn Archimedes)

  40. ARM – utilizatori/dezvoltatori

  41. ARM Powered Products

  42. ARM provides hard and soft views to licencees • RTL and synthesis flows • GDSII layout • Licencees have the right to use hard or soft views of the IP • soft views include gate level netlists • hard views are DSMs • OEMs must use hard views • to protect ARM IP

  43. Nucleu de procesare ARM

  44. ARM – Alternative 5TE Improved ARM/Thumb Interworking CLZ 4 Jazelle Java bytecodeexecution 5TEJ Halfword and signed halfword / byte support System mode 1 ARM9EJ-S ARM926EJ-S SA-110 Saturated maths DSP multiply-accumulate instructions 2 SA-1110 ARM7EJ-S ARM1026EJ-S 3 6 SIMD Instructions Multi-processing V6 Memory architecture (VMSA) Unaligned data support ARM1020E Thumb instruction set 4T XScale Early ARM architectures ARM7TDMI ARM9TDMI ARM9E-S ARM720T ARM940T ARM966E-S ARM1136EJ-S

  45. Analog Device - ARM

  46. NXP ARM

  47. NXP ARM - Priferice

  48. Lab. equipement ?

  49. Lab. Software Tools ARM 1. Microsoft visual Robotics studio 2. National Instruments NXT visual programming tools, GNU C-ARM, 3. ARMSIM

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