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QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: AN INTRODUCTION

QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: AN INTRODUCTION. By Lizzette Rojas, Ph.D. and Flordeliz Serpa, Ph.D. Professional Research and Evaluation Group. Lizzette Rojas, Ph.D.

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QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: AN INTRODUCTION

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  1. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: AN INTRODUCTION By Lizzette Rojas, Ph.D. and Flordeliz Serpa, Ph.D. Professional Research and Evaluation Group

  2. Lizzette Rojas, Ph.D. Dr. Rojas has over seven years of experience in the area of evaluation research of health and social services programs. She is currently the Deputy Director of Professional Research and Evaluation Group.

  3. Flordeliz Serpa, Ph.D. Dr. Serpa is an accomplished researcher and program evaluator. She has applied her skills to organizations in both the public and private sectors. At this time, Dr. Serpa is the Director of Professional Research and Evaluation Group.

  4. Learning Objectives • To understand a questionnaire’s cultural, psychological, economic, and political context • Learn how to ask valid questions and how to ask them correctly

  5. What Is A Questionnaire? A tool for collecting information to describe, compare, or explain knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and/or sociodemographic characteristics on a particular target group.

  6. Questionnaire General Format • Self administered (mailed or personal contact) • In person (face-to-face) • Telephone interviews

  7. The Questions or Items • Are the focus on any survey or questionnaire • It is crucial to know how to ask the questions in written and spoken form • The way you ask the questions determines the answers

  8. Questions Context • Identify the questionnaire’s specific purpose(s) • Clarify the terms used to state the questionnaire’s purpose(s) • Be sure to have the specific objectives of the questionnaire • Know the respondents

  9. Questions Context • Standardize the interviewer • Standardize the response format • Ask questions in a social, cultural, and economic context • Keep confidentiality and voluntary participation • Include a letter of introduction or presentation

  10. Questions Format • Open questions - more information but difficult to codify, enter, and analyze • Closed questions - less information but easy to codify, enter, and analyze

  11. Choices And Measurement Of Responses • Nominal or categorical choices • Ordinal • Numerical

  12. How To ObtainValid Information • Ask purposeful questions • Ask concrete questions • Use time periods based on importance of the question • Use conventional language

  13. How To ObtainValid Information • Use complete sentences • Avoid abbreviations • Review questions with experts and potential respondents • Use shorter questions

  14. How To ObtainValid Information • Avoid two-edged questions • Avoid negative questions • Adopt/adapt questions used successfully in other questionnaires

  15. Suggested Readings • How to Conduct Surveys by Fink and Kosecoff, Sage Publications, 1998 • Survey Research by Roger Sapsford, Sage Publications, 1999

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