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Advanced Component Characterization and Modeling. From Small-Signal to Large-Signal - All in One -. Outline. Introduction Component Characterization A Large-Signal Network Analyzer The Absolute Calibration The MT4463 - The Hardware The MT4463 - All in One - MT4463 Modules
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Advanced ComponentCharacterization and Modeling From Small-Signal to Large-Signal - All in One -
Outline • Introduction • Component Characterization • A Large-Signal Network Analyzer • The Absolute Calibration • The MT4463 - The Hardware • The MT4463 - All in One - • MT4463 Modules • High - Impedance Probing • Real-Time PA Analysis • Measurement-Based Behavioral Modeling • Component Characterization and Modeling Services • Conclusion
A Vector Network Analyzer f0 LINEAR BEHAVIOR f0 f0 Measurement System Measurement System Transistor RFIC System Transistor RFIC System Experiment 1 Superposition Experiment 2 • Analysis f0
Component Characterization • DC Characterization • S-parameters at different bias points (option: pulsed) • Nonlinear Characteristics: Compression, AM-AM and AM-PM, TOI, Harmonic Distortion, Spectral Re-growth, Source- and Load-pull etc …. ???? STRAIGHTFORWARD MANY POSSIBILITIES
Vector Network Analyzer Power Meter Power Meter Power Meter Power Meter Power Meter Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Vector Signal Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer Vector Signal Generator Component Characterization Source and Load Tuning 50 Ohm Termination Linear S-parameters Compression Delivered Power Harmonics Compression Harmonics In-circuit Inspection Oscilloscope Different Setups for different aspects without systematic approach Spectral Regrowth How to help the circuit designers, needing good models?
Realistic Stimulus Realistic Stimulus A Large - Signal Network Analyzer f0 2f0 3f0 ... NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR Measurement System Transistor RFIC System • Meas-based model • REPRESENTING IN • Frequency (f) • Time (t) • Freq - time (envelope) • MEASURING • Travelling Waves (A, B) • Voltage/Current (V, I) AT THE COMPONENT PORTS Characterization Analysis
Component Characterization under CW Stimulus All voltages and currents or waves are represented by a fundamental and harmonics (including DC) X1 X2 X0 X4 X3 Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 2 DC 4 3 2 DC 4 3 Z1 DUT Z2 Freq. (GHz) 1 2 DC 4 3 Complex Fourier coefficients Xh of waveforms Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 2 DC 4 2 3 DC 4 3
Component Characterization under Modulation Phase X1(t) Amplitude X2(t) X4(t) X0(t) Phasor Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 Modulation 2 DC 4 3 2 DC 4 time 3 time X3(t) Slow change (MHz) Z1 DUT Z2 Fast change (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 2 DC 4 3 time Complex Fourier coefficients Xh(t) of waveforms Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 time 2 DC 4 2 3 DC 4 3 time
Component Characterization under Periodic Modulation Phase X1i Amplitude X0i X2i Phasor X3i Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 Periodic Modulation 3 2 DC 3 2 DC Z1 DUT Z2 Freq. (GHz) 1 2 DC 4 3 Complex Fourier coefficients Xhm of waveforms Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 3 2 DC 3 2 DC The class of signal is extendable to any type of multi-tone signal
Large-Signal Network Analyzer Response Acquisition Stimulus 50 Ohm or tuner Modulation Source Reference Planes Calibration Complete Spectrum Waveforms Harmonics and Periodic Modulation
Acquisition in LSNA Sampling Converter Filter Filter PC Acquisition Unit Filter Filter LO
LP Harmonic Sampling - Signal Class: Continuous Wave fLO=19.98 MHz = (1GHz-1MHz)/50 1 MHz RF 2 MHz 50 fLO 100 fLO 150 fLO 3 MHz 1 2 3 IF Bandwidth IF 3 2 1 Freq. (MHz)
LP Harmonic Sampling - Signal Class: Narrowband Modulation fLO=19.98 MHz = (1GHz-1MHz)/50 1 MHz RF 2 MHz 100 fLO 50 fLO 150 fLO 3 MHz 1 2 3 IF Bandwidth IF 3 2 1 Freq. (MHz)
LP Harmonic Sampling - Signal Class: Broadband Modulation BW 2BW MHz Adapted sampling process BW RF 150 fLO 1 2 3 Freq. (GHz) IF Freq. (MHz) BW of Periodic Broadband Modulation = 2* BW IF data acquisition
Practical Limitations of LSNA • Large-Signal Network analysis will be performed using periodic stimuli • one - tone and harmonics • periodic modulation and harmonics • other types of multi - tones are possible • The devices under test maintain periodicity in their response
LSNA Calibration Response Acquisition F0=1GHz Stimulus 50 Ohm or tuner Modulation Source Reference Planes Calibration Actual waves at DUT Measured waves 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 7 relative error terms same as a VNA Absolute magnitude and phase error term freq
Relative Calibration: Load-Open-Short Acquisition {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} Load Open Short 50 Ohm 50 Ohm {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} f0 = 1GHz Acquisition Thru 50 Ohm 50 Ohm Calibration for all multi - tones
1GHz 2GHz 3GHz freq Power Calibration Amplitude {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} Acquisition {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} 50 Ohm Power Meter f0 = 1GHz
1GHz 2GHz 3GHz freq Phase Calibration Phase {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} Acquisition f0 ... Harmonic Phase Reference 50 Ohm 50 Ohm f0 f0 = 1GHz
Measurement Traceability Phase Cal Relative Cal Power Cal Agilent Nose-to-Nose Standard (*) EOS (demonstrated already with NIST) (NIST) National Standards (*) Licensed to Maury and NMDG
MT4463 MT4463B - 50 GHz MT4463A - 20 GHz
Adapting MT4463 to different needs Modulation Characterization DC IV Characterization Active HF Component Characterization Small-Signal Large-Signal Adding … DC Capability Adding … Modulation Capability Accurate Complete MT4463A/B Active Tuning Passive Tuning Under different Impedance Conditions Adding … Tuners Adding … Pre-match Tuner … Second Source
MT4463A - 20 GHz Harmonic Phase Reference Amplifier Power Meter Power Sensor Pulse Generator PC Acquisition Unit System Source Sampling Converter Test Set Test Board
MT4463B - 50 GHz Harmonic Phase Reference Amplifier Power Meter Power Sensor Pulse Generator PC Acquisition Unit System Source Sampling Converter Test Set - Calibration Module Test Set - Reflectometers
The Test Set - 50 GHz - On Wafer MT4466B001 Calibration Module Reflectometer Reflectometer
The Software LSNA v1.1.0 • DC Characterization (using script) • Small - Signal: S-parameters • Large - Signal: Provides calibrated measurements of voltages and currents or incident and reflected waves in reference planes at the device under test under periodic stimulus in mismatched conditions • Graphical User Interface supporting basic functionality • Control • Data Visualization • Open system • Powerful scripting language to develop own applications • API to connect into your tools • MATLAB • LabVIEW ...
Easy control via GUI Configure System Calibrate System SOLT LRRM TRL De-embedding Modulation Ranging Save data
Calibration using GUI SOLT Calibration In this case: DC is not applied via bias tees but separately via port 3 and 4 DC calibration eliminates the cable losses
From small - signal to large - signal with ONE connection Commercial available FET in fixture Test Port 2 Test Port 1 Bias Control Absolute Calibration Deembedding Synthesizer Control Vgs = -0.3 V Vds = 1.5 V
Measuring S-parameters Persistency mode Power Control at Port 2 Power Control at Port 1 S11 S12 Markers S21 S22 Frequency Range:600 MHz – 20, 40 or 50 GHz (depending on Test Set and Source) Supported Calibration techniques:SOLT, LRRM, TRL
Large-Signal Measurements - CW - Voltage/Current Time domain
Large-Signal Measurements - CW - Voltage Waves Time domain
Large-Signal Measurements - CW - Voltage/Current Frequency domain
DC-IV curve and load line Small-signal - 50 Ohm Termination Large-signal - non-50 Ohm Termination Large-signal - 50 Ohm Termination
Input and Load impedance under CW Impedance at 2nd harmonic non-50 Ohm Termination Impedance at fundamental non-50 Ohm Termination
Periodic Modulation - Multi-tone generation Carrier Modulation Tones Generation of Multi-tone
Large-Signal Measurements - Modulation - Voltage/Current Frequency domain
Large-Signal Measurements - Modulation - Voltage/Current Zoom into one of the spectral components Frequency domain
Large-Signal Measurements - Modulation- Voltage/Current Frequency - Time domain
Powerful Scripting Language Fast development of prototypes and new applications, exploiting all MT4463 capabilities, using Mathematica™
Connecting to your development tools Stimulus Response DLL Connection via LabVIEW C-callable Talk to your instruments through your own tools • Data export • Citifile • Table • CSV Connection via C-program Connection via others
Pin (dBm) 5 8 10 12 13 14 15 In-Circuit coherent and calibrated HF Signal Probing(*) (*) With courtesy of CNES and IRCOM
Real-Time PA Analysis - Setup (optional) 2f0 MT4463 i1 i2 Triplexer f0 DUT f0 v1 v2 3f0 (optional) Offset + smart signal to scan amplitude and phase
Real - time PA Analysis and Load pull Power source on-wafer FET 2 GHz vG=-0.9V vD=3.0V Gain Reactive Power Harmonic Power...
Real-time load-pullCompared to classical load-pull max Pdel 10.13 dBm 10.04 dBm harmonics (0.1 dB) @ 68.5 + j 8.5 W71.7 + j 7.1 W flat surface 4 additional points: |D| < 0.1 dB
mismatch power equid. sweep region grid a2 Measurement - Based Behavioral ModelSetup and boundaries setup
Integration of model into simulator (ADS) • FDD + DAC • component • CITI file • regular grid • no triangulationrequired
Verification of model (load-pull) contours based on HBsimulations on regular polar grid using MBBM imported into ADS contours based on classical load-pulldata imported into ADS after triangulation