1 / 28

APES 10/18

APES 10/18. Get a laptop! Find a writing utensil. Learning Targets. I can describe the major factors that impact climate Unequal solar heating that creates convection Coriolis effect Prevailing winds. Abiotic (Non-Living) Factors.

stephendaniel
Download Presentation

APES 10/18

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. APES 10/18 Get a laptop! Find a writing utensil

  2. Learning Targets • I can describe the major factors that impact climate • Unequal solar heating that creates convection • Coriolis effect • Prevailing winds

  3. Abiotic (Non-Living) Factors • We are continuing our learning of abiotic factors that affect ecosystems • Cycles of matter • Climate • Air Currents • Ocean Currents

  4. Climate and air Currents

  5. The Atmosphere • Troposphere- first 11 miles • Stratosphere – next 11-30 miles • lower portion has ozone layer • Meso, Thermo, Exosphere less important to APES

  6. How does temperature change as you move through the atmosphere? • Why?

  7. GREENHOUSE EFFECT-natural process in which heat- trapping gases (CO2, H20 vapor, CH4), traps heat in the troposphere. Without this, Earth would be cold and lifeless.

  8. Short term physical properties of the troposphere Temp., pressure, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, wind direction and speed Less important than climate in effect on ecosystems Weather

  9. Long term weather of an area Global temperature and precipitation determined by uneven heating of earth by sun Lead to distinct climate zones according to latitude Climate

  10. Cold Cool Temperate Warm Temperate Tropical (equator) Tropical Warm Temperate Cool Temperate Cold Fig. 6.6a, p. 125 Climate type

  11. Factors that Influence Climate • 1. Uneven heating of earth’s surface (because it’s a sphere) • 2. Rotation of earth on its axis (Coriolis Effect) • 3. Properties of air, water, and land • All of these create predictable ocean and air currents

  12. Factors that Influence Climate • Solar radiation hits the equator directly, but strikes the rest of the globe at an increasingly less direct angle. • Albedo= measure of percent of sunlight reflected by a surface • Equator has lowest albedo • This uneven heating creates a temp. imbalance that affects the air

  13. Convection • Convection currents- global patterns of air movement created by unequal heating of earth • Warm air from equator rises and moves to cold polar regions by convection • Cold air sinks at the poles- this is the main source of our wind patterns

  14. Why does air cool/warm as it moves? Adiabatic cooling: as air closer to the surface rises, it has less pressure on it and cools off. Latent heat release (release of heat from water as it cools/condenses), propels the air even higher Adiabatic heating: as air sinks towards the earth, it heats up because of increased air pressure (collision of molecules!)

  15. Convection Currents • Convection currents are found at specific places, based on earth’s latitude • Air currents occurring on either side of the equator (up to 30 degrees) are called Hadley Cells • Branch off from the direct heating that occurs at the equator (Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)).

  16. Polar cells are the convection cells near the poles • Ferrel cells are in between Polar cells and Hadley cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtH3_nkGe90

  17. Air Circulation Patterns- Prevailing Winds • Tradewinds- sub tropics • Westerlies - temperate latitudes • Doldrums- still air along equator

  18. Air Circulation Patterns • We see why the air is moving (convection), but why in those directions? • Coriolis Effect- rising warm air masses are deflected to the west or the east • This occurs because the earth is rotating! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2mec3vgeaI

  19. Air Circulation Patterns • All together! • Convection cells and • prevailing winds caused by unequal heating and the Coriolis effect.

  20. Checks for Understanding • Using your new knowledge about climate and air currents, why do we have a temperate, moist climate? • Use the terms Coriolis effect, convection, ferrel cell, and prevailing winds

  21. Ocean Currents & El Nino • Ocean currents move in a predictable way, also due to unequal solar energy and the Coriolis Effect (notes next time) https://earth.nullschool.net/ • However, sometimes these currents move in an abnormal way! http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/26_NinoNina.html

  22. El Nino Assignment Learn about El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) by doing a guided online assignment

  23. Explain it to me like I’m 5 • What’s El Nino? Why was last winter so warm and rainy?

  24. El Nino • Abnormally highsurface ocean temperatures off the coast of South America • Causes unusual weather patterns across the globe

  25. El Nino • Starts because the easterly trade winds weaken and allow the warm waters in the Western Pacific to move east toward South America • This changes where the convection current occurs. • Causing rain where it usually doesn't occur and drought where it usually rains

  26. El Nino Winter

  27. El Nino Summer

  28. Due Next Time • Journal Write #1: Ecocolumns • Due Tuesday: Chapter 4 Reading Guide (modules 9-11 only)

More Related