Introduction to Arduino

1. Introduction to Arduino A very basic intro to Arduino, the IDE and the Servos class

2. The Arduino Board

3. The Arduino Board • Pins 0-13 can be used for input or output • 3 Ground Ports • 1 5V Port • 1 3.3V Port • Some ports support PWM (Pulse Wave Modulation): Ports 3,5,6,10,11 • Ports 0/1 are RX (Receiving), and TX (Sending) – Typically used for Bluetooth Modules/Shields

4. The IDE • IDE stands for “Integrated Development Environment” – This helps us rapidly develop and deploy programs to our Arduino • Arduino provides a Windows Install File to help us install the IDE and the necessary drivers for communicating with our Arduino

5. The IDE

6. The IDE • The previous slide shows the basic layout when you open the Arduino IDE • Typically, Arduino is coded in C++ -- the compiler/assembler will do the rest • Two methods: setup() and loop() – you may add your own classes for inclusion as well as writing your own methods to be called • Setup() is only called once and is typically used to setup ports on your Arduino among other things • Loop() is where you put code that you want run until you turn off your Arduino

7. The IDE

8. The IDE

9. The IDE

10. The IDE • As you can see, the IDE is fairly powerful and complete. However, for this tutorial, we are only going to be concerning ourselves with “File” and “Sketch”

11. Basics of Arduino Programming • Pretty much the same as any other Programming Languages. • Sample Code to turn LEDs on and off on the next page

12. Sample Code • Int LED0 = 2;intdelay_time = 100;void setup() {pinMode(LED0, OUTPUT);}void loop() {digitalWrite(LED0,HIGH); delay(delay_time);digitalWrite(LED0,LOW);}

13. Sample Code Breakdown • We declare and initialize a variable “LED0” with our Port number (In this instance, it is 2 but if you had your cable plugged into 13, it would be 13) • We declare and initialize a variable “delay_time.” This sets the time between turning the LED on/off. • Setup() is called and we use pinModeto set LED0 as an Output port on the Arduino. Ports are bi-directional. They can be used as Input or Output.

14. Sample Code Breakdown • After setup() has finished running, the Arduino then calls loop() • In the loop, we have 2 items: digitalWrite and delay • digitalWrite(LED0,HIGH) turns the LED on • digitalWrite(LED0,LOW) turns the LED off • Delay(delay_time) sets how long it is waiting before the next instruction is run on the Arduino.

15. Servos • Let’s switch to something a little bit more advanced than LEDs. • Arduino provides a class to power and control Servo motors • See: http://arduino.cc/en/reference/servo • All you do is put #include <Servo.h> before anything else and off you go. • My example will be slightly different

16. Servo Code • #include <ContinuousRotationServo.h>ContinuousRotationServo Servo;ContinuousRotationServoServoTwo;int timer = 3;void setup() {Servo.begin(13);Servo.begin(12);}void loop() {Servo.rotateLeft(100);ServoTwo.rotateRight(100); delay(timer);}

17. Servos Code Breakdown • We create objects of our ContinuousRotationServo class. • In setup, it is effectively doing the same thing as what we were doing earlier in our LED example. • In loop, we are having the Arduino move one Servo left and one Servo right. In this specific case, the Servos are attached to a Parallax Bo-Bot body with the Arduino and breadboard sitting on top so it is moving in a straight line.

18. Questions? Comments? • If you have any questions or comments, please register on my website and post on a comment on the Arduino page located on the Computer Science portion of my website. • PPT Last Updated on: 12/26/2013